Providing you the best range of deoxycholate citrate agar himedia, lysine iron agar himedia, nutrient agar himedia, mannitol salt agar base himedia, cled agar bromo thymol blue himedia and mueller hinton agar powder with effective & timely delivery.
Deoxycholate Citrate Agar w/1.5% Agar is a selective medium recommended for the isolation of enteric pathogens. Sodium deoxycholate, sodium citrate and ferric citrate are inhibitory agents in the medium. Lactose is the fermentable carbohydrate. Lactose fermenters utilize lactose and produce acidic conditions around the lactose fermenting colony. This acidity causes the pH indicator, neutral red, to change its colour to red. The reduction of sodium thiosulphate to sulfide is indicated by the formation of black iron sulfide. Salmonella and Shigella species do not ferment lactose but Salmonella may produce H2S forming colorless colonies with orwithout black centers. Escherichia coli produces pink coloured colony w/bile precipitate, Enterobacter aerogenes produce pink colony.
Lysine Iron Agar is recommended for differentiation of enteric organisms especially Salmonella arizonae, based on their ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine and to form hydrogen sulphide (H₂S). Dextrose is a source of fermentable carbohydrate. Ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulphate are indicators of H2S formation. Cultures that produce hydrogen sulphide cause blackening of the medium due to ferrous sulphide production. Lysine decarboxylation causes an alkaline reaction (purple colour) to give the amine cadaverine and the organisms which do not decarboxylate lysine, produce acid butt (yellow colour).
Nutrient Agar, manufactured by HiMedia, is a general-purpose culture medium used for the cultivation and enumeration of microorganisms, particularly non-fastidious bacteria. It's a widely used medium for maintaining cultures, purity checks, and as a base for enriched media when supplemented with blood or other biological fluids. Key Features and Uses:
General-purpose medium:Nutrient Agar is suitable for growing a broad range of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Cultivation and Enumeration:It's used to cultivate microorganisms and to determine the number of viable organisms in a sample.
Enrichment:Nutrient Agar can be supplemented with blood, serum, or other biological fluids to support the growth of more fastidious organisms.
Purity Checks:It's useful for ensuring the purity of bacterial cultures before further biochemical or serological testing.
Maintenance of Cultures:Nutrient Agar can be used to maintain bacterial cultures for extended periods.
Composition:Nutrient Agar typically contains:
Peptone: Provides a source of nitrogen, vitamins, and other essential nutrients.
Beef extract/Yeast extract: Adds water-soluble nutrients like vitamins, carbohydrates, and salts.
Sodium chloride: Maintains osmotic balance.
Agar: A solidifying agent that provides a solid surface for bacterial growth.
Specific HiMedia Products:
Standard Nutrient Agar No. 1 (M1210): Formulated according to APHA standards for cultivation and enumeration of non-fastidious microorganisms.
Nutrient Agar (M001): A general-purpose medium for cultivating and enumerating microorganisms.
Nutrient Agar No.2 (M1269/M1269S): Used for microbiological analysis of water and other applications.
Nutrient Agar pH 6.8 (M561): A variation of Nutrient Agar with a specific pH.
Nutrient Agar pH 7.0 (M561A): Another variation with a different pH.
Nutrient Agar Medium (MM012): Suitable for microbial limit testing according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
HiMedia Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) base is a selective and differential medium used to isolate and identify staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. It's a medium recommended for selecting and subculturing S. aureus in accordance with the harmonized methods of USP/EP/BP/JP/IP according to HiMedia. High salt concentrations inhibit other bacteria, and mannitol fermentation, indicated by phenol red, aids in the differential identification. Key Features:
Selective:The high salt concentration (7.5% NaCl) inhibits the growth of most non-staphylococcal bacteria, allowing for selective isolation of Staphylococci.
Differential:Mannitol fermentation, detected by the phenol red indicator, differentiates Staphylococcus aureus (which ferments mannitol, producing yellow colonies) from other staphylococci that may or may not ferment mannitol.
Application:Used for the detection and enumeration of coagulase-positive Staphylococci in various samples like milk, food, and clinical specimens.
Compliance:The medium's composition complies with specifications in Chapter 62 of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) related to microbial limit testing.
How it Works:
Staphylococci that can ferment mannitol will produce acidic byproducts, lowering the pH of the medium.
The acidic environment causes the phenol red indicator to turn yellow around the colonies.
S. aureus typically exhibits yellow colonies with a halo, while other staphylococci may have different appearances.
Indications:
This medium is particularly useful for the detection and enumeration of S. aureus in various samples.
It can be used for routine isolation and subculture of staphylococci.
The medium is recommended for use in microbial limit testing according to the harmonized USP/EP/BP/JP/IP methods.
C.L.E.D. Agar w/Bromo Thymol Blue is recommended for use in urinary bacteriology. This medium promotes the growth of all urinary pathogens. Lactose is the fermentable sugar. Bromo thymol blue is the pH indicator which turns yellow at acidic pH. Colonies grow as blue or yellow due to fermentation of lactose.
Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) powder is a dehydrated, non-selective, solid culture medium primarily used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, particularly the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. It's known for its good batch-to-batch reproducibility and ability to support the growth of most non-fastidious bacterial pathogens. The powder is typically a cream to yellow, homogeneous, free-flowing powder. Key characteristics and uses:
Composition:MHA is a simplified medium containing beef extract, casein acid hydrolysate, starch, and agar.
Nutrient-rich:It provides essential nutrients like amino acids, vitamins, and carbon sources for bacterial growth.
Non-selective:It doesn't favor the growth of specific bacteria, allowing a wide range of common pathogens to grow.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:It's the recommended medium for disc diffusion tests, where antibiotic-impregnated disks are placed on the agar to assess bacterial sensitivity.
Kirby-Bauer Method:The standard method for using MHA involves applying a confluent lawn of bacteria to the agar surface and placing antibiotic discs.
Standardized Method:MHA is a key component of standardized methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing, as it ensures consistent results.
Quality Control:
Appearance:The dehydrated powder should be cream to yellow, homogeneous, and free-flowing.
Prepared Medium:After preparation, the agar should be light yellow to amber, clear to slightly opalescent.
Sterility:Freshly prepared MHA should be sterile and free of any growth after incubation.
Storage:
Dehydrated Powder: Store below 30°C in a tightly closed container.
Generally used as a basal medium for preparing blood agar by supplementation with blood. It can also be used as general-purpose media without the addition of blood. It can be used with added phenolphthalein phosphate for the detection of phosphate producing Staphylococci, with added salt and agar for assessment of surface contamination on equipment and to determine salinity range of marine Flavobacteria. It can also be used for preparation of Salmonella Typhi antigens, recommended by APHA for testing of food samples.
Simmons Citrate Agar is a specialized culture medium used to differentiate bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, based on their ability to utilize citrate as their sole carbon source. The medium contains sodium citrate as the carbon source and ammonium salts as the sole nitrogen source. A positive result is indicated by a color change from green to blue, due to the alkaline byproducts of citrate metabolism. Here's a more detailed breakdown:Composition and Principle:
Defined Medium:Simmons Citrate Agar is a defined medium, meaning its exact chemical composition is known.
Carbon and Nitrogen Source:It contains sodium citrate as the sole carbon source and ammonium salts as the sole nitrogen source.
pH Indicator:Bromothymol blue is included as a pH indicator, changing from green to blue as the medium becomes alkaline.
Citrate Utilization:Bacteria capable of using citrate will metabolize it, producing alkaline byproducts that raise the pH of the medium.
Selective and Differential:The medium is both selective and differential. It selects for bacteria that can utilize citrate and differentiates them based on their ability to do so.
How it works:
Inoculation: A bacterial sample is streaked onto the slant of the Simmons Citrate Agar.
Incubation: The inoculated medium is incubated at 35-37°C for 18-24 hours.
Observation:
Positive Result: A blue color change indicates that the bacteria has metabolized the citrate, producing alkaline byproducts.
Negative Result: A green color indicates that the bacteria was unable to utilize citrate as a carbon source.
Uses:
Differentiation of Bacteria:It is primarily used to differentiate between various Gram-negative bacteria, especially within the Enterobacteriaceae family, based on their citrate utilization.
IMViC Tests:Simmons Citrate Agar is a component of the IMViC tests, a battery of biochemical tests used to identify bacteria.
Clinical Microbiology:It is used in clinical microbiology laboratories to identify and classify bacterial
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 2 Base Agar is a solid, solidified medium used as a base layer in microbiological assays for determining antibiotic potency. It provides a stable surface for the diffusion of the antibiotic into a seed agar layer inoculated with test organisms. The medium's composition, typically including peptone, yeast extract, and beef extract, provides the necessary nutrients for the growth of the test organisms while also supporting the over-layering of the seed agar. Key Features and Usage:
Base Agar:This medium serves as the foundation for antibiotic assays, particularly those involving agar diffusion techniques like the cylinder-plate method.
Nutrient-Rich:Peptone, yeast extract, and other ingredients provide essential nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, vitamins) for the growth of test organisms, allowing for clear zone measurements.
Solidified Substrate:The agar component provides the solid, stable base layer needed for the diffusion of the antibiotic and the growth of the test organisms in the seed agar layer.
Standardized:The medium is designed to meet specific requirements for microbiological assays, as outlined in pharmacopoeias and standard testing methods.
Preparation and Use:
1. Preparation:The medium is typically prepared by dissolving the dehydrated powder in distilled or deionized water, heating to boiling, and sterilizing by autoclaving.
2. Base Layer:Once sterilized, the medium is poured into Petri dishes to create a solid base layer.
3. Seed Agar:A seed agar layer, inoculated with the test organism, is then carefully layered over the base agar.
4. Diffusion:The antibiotic, in the form of a disc, cylinder, or well, is placed on the base agar, allowing the antibiotic to diffuse into the seeded agar.
5. Zone Measurement:As the antibiotic diffuses, it inhibits the growth of the test organism, creating a clear zone around the antibiotic source. The size of this zone is then measured to determine the antibiotic's potency or activity.
Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar (SCA) is a selective culture medium primarily used for isolating and cultivating yeasts and molds, especially those associated with skin infections. The medium's acidic pH (around 5.6) inhibits bacterial growth, while the added chloramphenicol further suppresses some bacteria and some fungi, allowing for the selective growth of yeasts and molds. Key Features and Benefits:
Selective:The low pH and chloramphenicol make SCA a selective medium for fungi, allowing for the isolation of fungal species from samples that may also contain bacteria.
Isolation of Dermatophytes:SCA is specifically recommended for isolating dermatophytes (fungal pathogens causing skin infections).
Clinical Use:The medium is widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories for the identification and isolation of fungi from various clinical specimens.
How it Works:
Acidic pH:The low pH of SCA inhibits the growth of most bacteria, making the medium ideal for isolating fungi, which are often more tolerant of acidic environments.
Chloramphenicol:The addition of chloramphenicol further suppresses bacterial growth and some fungal species, making the medium even more selective for the growth of desired fungi.
Applications:
Clinical Microbiology: Isolation of pathogenic fungi from clinical samples, including skin infections.
Mycology: Culturing and identification of various fungal species.
Environmental Microbiology: Isolation of fungi from non-clinical samples.
Important Considerations:
Some fungi may be inhibited by chloramphenicol:While SCA is effective at isolating most pathogenic fungi, some fungal species may be inhibited by chloramphenicol.
Use in conjunction with a non-selective medium:For accurate identification of fungi, it is recommended to inoculate both a selective medium like SCA and a non-selective medium (e.g., Sabouraud Dextrose Agar).
Disposal:Prepared plates and other contaminated materials should be sterilized before disposal.
Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) is a liquid culture medium used for the cultivation of fungi, particularly yeasts and molds. It's characterized by a low pH and high dextrose concentration, which promotes the growth of fungi while inhibiting the growth of many bacteria. SDB is often used for the isolation, cultivation, and enumeration of fungi in various samples, including clinical specimens and environmental monitoring. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Composition:SDB typically contains peptone, dextrose (glucose), and a low concentration of agar (if needed for solidified media).
pH:The low pH (typically around 5.6) is a key factor in its selective nature, inhibiting the growth of most bacteria.
Function:SDB is used for:
Cultivating and isolating fungi (yeasts and molds).
Testing the susceptibility of fungi to antifungal agents (antimycotic substances).
Detecting Candida albicans in non-sterile products.
Applications:
Clinical Microbiology: For isolating fungi from clinical specimens.
Environmental Monitoring: For recovering and counting yeasts and molds in the environment.
Food and Beverage Industry: For testing for fungal contamination.
Related Media:Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) is a solidified version of SDB, also used for fungal isolation and cultivation.
Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) is a liquid microbiological medium primarily used for the cultivation of fungi, including yeasts and molds, from various samples. It is a modified version of Dextrose Agar, initially described by Sabouraud. SDB is particularly useful because its low pH inhibits the growth of most bacteria, while promoting the growth of fungi. Here's a more detailed description:Key Characteristics:
Selective:The low pH (typically 5.6 ± 0.2) inhibits most bacteria, making it ideal for isolating fungi from samples that may be contaminated with bacteria.
Nutrient Rich:SDB contains peptones (from casein and animal tissue) and dextrose (glucose) which provide the necessary nitrogen, carbon, and energy source for fungal growth.
Versatile:SDB is used for cultivating a wide range of fungi, including dermatophytes (fungi that cause skin infections) and other yeasts and molds.
Standardized:SDB is often specified in pharmacopoeias like USP, EP, and JP, indicating its use in the microbiological examination of non-sterile products.
Applications:SDB is used in various applications such as:
Microbiological testing of pharmaceutical products
Isolation and cultivation of fungi from clinical and non-clinical samples
Testing antifungal agents
Detection of Candida albicans in non-sterile products
Preparation:Typically, SDB is prepared by dissolving the dehydrated powder in distilled or purified water and autoclaving to sterilize.
Storage:SDB is typically stored at room temperature (15-25°C).
AK Agar No. 2, also known as Sporulating Agar or Arret and Kirshbaum Medium, is a culture medium primarily used for the production of spores of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. These spores are then used in procedures for detecting penicillin and other antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products, specifically in the Penicillin Milk Test. Key Features and Applications:
Sporulation Medium:AK Agar No. 2 is specifically designed to encourage the formation of spores in Bacillus subtilis.
Penicillin Milk Test:The spores produced on this medium are used as the inoculum in the Penicillin Milk Test, a procedure for detecting antibiotic residues in milk.
Antibiotic Residue Detection:By using the spore suspension in the Penicillin Milk Test, AK Agar No. 2 contributes to ensuring the quality and safety of milk and dairy products.
Gram-Positive Spore Formation:The agar supports the growth of Gram-positive bacilli like Bacillus and Clostridium, which are known for their ability to form spores.
Physical Properties:The prepared medium typically forms a light amber-colored, clear to slightly opalescent gel in Petri plates.
Nutrient agar is a general-purpose growth medium used in microbiology to cultivate a wide variety of non-fastidious microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. It's a solid medium, meaning it contains agar, which provides a solid support for microbial colonies. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:Composition:
Peptone: Provides a source of nitrogen, carbon, and amino acids.
Beef extract: Offers additional nutrients, including vitamins and minerals.
Yeast extract: Supplies B vitamins and other growth factors.
Sodium chloride: Maintains the osmotic balance of the medium.
Agar: A solidifying agent derived from seaweed, providing a stable surface for microbial growth.
Purpose:
Cultivating microorganisms: It's a foundational medium for growing bacteria and other microbes, allowing researchers to study their characteristics and behavior.
Clinical diagnostics: It's widely used in clinical labs to isolate and identify bacteria from patient samples.
Research and teaching: It's a common tool for microbiology experiments and educational purposes.
Food and water testing: It's used to assess the microbial content of food and water samples.
Maintaining cultures: It can be used to preserve bacterial strains for future use.
Key features:
Non-selective:It supports the growth of a broad range of bacteria and fungi without favoring any particular type.
Solid medium:The agar provides a solid surface for microbial colonies to grow, making them easier to observe and analyze.
Nutrient-rich:The combination of peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract provides the essential nutrients for microbial growth
Soybean Casein Digest Medium (SCDM), also known as Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB), is a general-purpose medium used for cultivating a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. It's known for its ability to support the growth of both fastidious and non-fastidious organisms. SCDM is also used in sterility testing and microbial limit testing. Key Characteristics and Uses:
Versatile:SCDM can be used for a broad range of microbiological applications, including isolation, cultivation, and maintenance of microorganisms.
Nutrient-Rich:The medium is designed to provide essential nutrients for microbial growth, including amino acids, long-chain peptides, and carbonaceous substances.
Sterility Testing:It is recommended for sterility testing of various products, including pharmaceuticals and biological materials, as per various pharmacopeias.
Microbial Limit Testing:SCDM is used for microbial limit testing to ensure the absence or low levels of microorganisms in products.
Anaerobic Cultivation:Variations of SCDM, such as SCDM without dextrose, are specifically designed for culturing anaerobic microorganisms when the presence of carbohydrates is not desired.
Composition:
SCDM typically includes pancreatic digest of casein, papain digest of soybean meal, dextrose (glucose), sodium chloride, and dipotassium phosphate.
The combination of these ingredients provides a rich source of nutrients, including amino acids, peptides, and vitamins, necessary for the growth of diverse microorganisms.
Usage:
SCDM is used as a broth medium, meaning it's a liquid medium used for cultivating microorganisms in liquid cultures.
It can also be solidified by adding a solidifying agent like agar, creating a solid medium for isolating and identifying microorganisms on agar plates.
SCDM is often used as a base medium for preparing more complex media for the cultivation of specific microorganisms.
In summary, Soybean Casein Digest Medium (Tryptone Soya Broth) is a versatile and widely used culture medium for a variety of microbiological applications, known for its ability to support the growth of diverse microorganisms and its suitability for sterility testing and microbial limit testing.
Vogel-Johnson Agar (VJA) is a selective and differential medium used for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly coagulase-positive and mannitol-fermenting strains. It is known for its ability to differentiate S. aureus from other staphylococcal species. Key features of Vogel-Johnson Agar:
Selective:The medium contains ingredients that inhibit the growth of many other bacteria, allowing S. aureus to flourish. These inhibitors include potassium tellurite, lithium chloride, and high glycine content.
Differential:S. aureus colonies on VJA exhibit distinct characteristics: they appear black due to the reduction of tellurite, and they may be surrounded by a yellow zone due to mannitol fermentation, which acidifies the medium and turns the pH indicator, phenol red, yellow.
Components:VJA includes ingredients like trytone and yeast extract (for nutrients), mannitol (for fermentation), potassium tellurite, lithium chloride, and glycine (for selective inhibition), phenol red (pH indicator), and dipotassium phosphate (buffer).
Applications:It is used in microbial limit testing, for detecting staphylococcal carriers, and for health studies. It is also used in the food industry for isolating and enumerating S. aureus in food samples.
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 1 Seed Agar is typically packaged in a plastic bottle for convenient storage and use. The medium is used in microbiological assays, especially for determining the potency of antibiotics, according to HiMedia Laboratories. Packaging Details:
Material:Plastic bottle
Purpose:To protect the medium from moisture, contamination, and other environmental factors, ensuring its stability and shelf life.
Available Sizes:100 g and 500 g plastic bottles are common, according to Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.(SRL).
Labeling:The bottle typically includes the product name, lot number, expiration date, and storage instructions.
Additional Information:
Storage:The medium should be stored at 8 to 25°C (cool and dry area), says Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.(SRL).
Shelf Life:Typically 36 months, according to Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.(SRL).
Use:It is used in microbiological assays, particularly for beta-lactam and other antibiotics.
Composition:The medium contains ingredients like peptone, pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, beef extract, dextrose, and agar.
GN Broth IP (Medium 11) is a selective enrichment broth used to isolate Shigella species from pharmaceutical products. It is recommended by the Indian Pharmacopoeia for this purpose, with subsequent isolation on selective media like XLD Agar. The medium supports the growth of Shigella while inhibiting the growth of other Gram-negative bacteria. Here's a more detailed description:Purpose:
Enrichment:GN Broth is used to increase the number of Shigella bacteria in a sample, making them easier to detect and isolate.
Selection:The medium contains ingredients that inhibit the growth of other bacteria, allowing Shigella to grow preferentially.
Key Features:
Contains peptone:Provides amino acids and other nitrogenous substances to support bacterial growth, especially for Shigella.
Selective:The medium is designed to favor the growth of Shigella and suppress the growth of other common bacteria.
Recommended by IP:The Indian Pharmacopoeia recognizes GN Broth for the selective isolation of Shigella.
Application:
Pharmaceutical Samples: Primarily used for isolating Shigella from pharmaceutical products.
Further Isolation: Following enrichment in GN Broth, Shigella is further isolated on selective media like XLD Agar.
In summary, GN Broth IP (Medium 11) is a specialized medium used for enriching and isolating Shigella from pharmaceutical samples, aiding in the diagnosis and identification of Shigella infections
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 11, also known as Neomycin, Erythromycin Assay Agar, is a specialized medium used for microbiological assays of antibiotics. It's designed to support the growth of specific test organisms while allowing for the measurement of antibiotic activity. The medium is particularly useful for assays of antibiotics like neomycin and erythromycin, and others. Key Features and Uses:
Specific Antibiotic Assays:This medium is specifically designed for assays of various antibiotics, including neomycin, erythromycin, chlortetracycline, and others.
Microbiological Assay:It's used in microbiological assays to determine the potency and activity of antibiotics.
Test Organisms:It supports the growth of specific test organisms, such as Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus, which are used to determine antibiotic activity.
pH Control:The medium is typically prepared to have a pH of 8.3 +/- 0.2.
Seed Agar:It can also be used as a seed layer or base layer in various assay procedures.
Preparation and Usage:
Preparation:The medium is prepared according to specific instructions, typically involving adding the dehydrated powder to distilled water and autoclaving.
Inoculation:Test organisms are inoculated onto the agar surface after it has been cooled.
Antibiotic Diffusion:Antibiotics are then introduced to the medium, and their diffusion through the agar is monitored for zones of inhibition, which indicate antibiotic activity.
In summary, Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 11 is a specialized medium used for microbiological assays of various antibiotics, particularly neomycin and erythromycin, and allows for the determination of antibiotic potency and activity through the observation of zones of inhibition
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 35 is a specialized culture medium used for the microbiological assay of bleomycin, specifically using Mycobacterium smegmatis as the test organism. It's formulated to support the growth of this bacteria while also allowing for the detection of bleomycin activity. This medium is often used as a base agar for diffusion assays. Key Features and Purpose:
Bleomycin Assay:The primary purpose is to determine the potency of bleomycin, a chemotherapy drug.
Test Organism:Mycobacterium smegmatis is the chosen organism due to its sensitivity to bleomycin.
Formulation:The medium's composition, including the peptones, beef extract, sodium chloride, and agar, is designed to support the growth of the Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Glycerol:Glycerol is included as a carbon source, essential for the metabolism of the test organism.
Base Agar:In diffusion assays, this medium serves as the base agar layer where the test sample is placed, allowing the antibiotic to diffuse into the medium and inhibit the growth of the Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Luria Bertani Broth, Miller (LB Miller) is a widely used, nutritionally rich culture medium in microbiology, particularly for growing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other non-fastidious microorganisms. It's a key component in molecular biology for maintaining and cultivating recombinant strains of E. coli. The "Miller" designation indicates a specific formulation with a higher salt concentration compared to the Lennox modification of LB broth. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Composition:LB Miller typically contains tryptone, yeast extract, and sodium chloride (NaCl). The Miller formulation has 10 g/L of NaCl, while the Lennox modification has 5 g/L.
Purpose:LB Miller is designed to support the rapid growth of E. coli and is often used in molecular biology for:
Cultivating and maintaining E. coli strains, especially those engineered for genetic studies.
Isolating and cultivating other non-fastidious microorganisms.
Preparing bacterial cultures for various molecular biology techniques.
Key Features:
Nutrient-rich: Provides essential amino acids, nucleotide precursors, vitamins, and other metabolites for robust bacterial growth.
High salt concentration: The higher NaCl content is particularly useful for maintaining plasmids in E. coli cells.
Versatile: Can be used in both liquid and agar plate formats (LB agar).
Preparation:Typically, 25 grams of LB Miller powder is dissolved in 1 liter of distilled or purified water, gently heated to dissolve, and then autoclaved.
Applications:LB Miller is extensively used in molecular biology, including:
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 35 is a specialized culture medium used for the microbiological assay of bleomycin, specifically using Mycobacterium smegmatis as the test organism. It's formulated to support the growth of this bacteria while also allowing for the detection of bleomycin activity. This medium is often used as a base agar for diffusion assays. Key Features and Purpose: Bleomycin Assay:The primary purpose is to determine the potency of bleomycin, a chemotherapy drug. Test Organism:Mycobacterium smegmatis is the chosen organism due to its sensitivity to bleomycin. Formulation:The medium's composition, including the peptones, beef extract, sodium chloride, and agar, is designed to support the growth of the
Nutrient broth is a general-purpose liquid microbiological medium used to cultivate a wide variety of microorganisms, including both fastidious and non-fastidious bacteria. It provides a nutrient-rich environment, typically containing peptones, beef extract, and yeast extract, to support microbial growth. Here's a more detailed explanation:
Composition:Nutrient broth usually includes peptone (a source of nitrogen and amino acids), beef extract (providing vitamins, carbohydrates, and other organic nitrogen compounds), and yeast extract (another source of nitrogen and vitamins). It may also contain sodium chloride to maintain osmotic balance.
Purpose:It's used to grow large quantities of microorganisms, assess their viability, and for various diagnostic tests in clinical and research settings. It can be used as a base medium and enriched with other substances like blood or serum for more fastidious organisms.
Difference from Nutrient Agar:While both are used for microbial cultivation, nutrient broth is a liquid medium, while nutrient agar contains agar, which solidifies the medium at room temperature.
Preparation:Nutrient broth is prepared by dissolving the powdered medium in distilled water, sterilizing it (typically by autoclaving), and then dispensing it into appropriate containers.
Applications:It is used for general cultivation, maintaining bacterial cultures, and as a starting point for other specialized media
Fluid Casein Digest Soya Lecithin Medium is a specialized microbiological culture medium used for cultivating and isolating a wide range of microorganisms, particularly those requiring complex organic compounds. It is frequently employed in microbial limit tests and sanitary surface examinations. The medium is formulated to neutralize certain disinfectants, making it suitable for assessing microbial contamination on surfaces treated with these agents. Key Features and Components:
Nutrient-rich:It contains casein digest (or soy hydrolysate as an alternative) and soya lecithin, providing essential nutrients for microbial growth.
Neutralizing agents:The presence of soya lecithin and polysorbate 20 (in some formulations) helps neutralize quaternary ammonium compounds and phenolic disinfectants, respectively.
Versatile:Suitable for various applications, including clinical, environmental, and food microbiology.
Microbial Limit Tests:Recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for microbial limit tests.
Sanitary Surface Examination:Used to assess the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures by detecting residual microorganisms on surfaces.
Specific Applications:
Sanitary Examination of Surfaces:This medium is specifically recommended for assessing the microbial contamination of surfaces after cleaning and disinfection, especially those treated with quaternary ammonium compounds or phenolic disinfectants.
Microbial Limit Tests:It is utilized in the pharmaceutical and food industries to determine the total viable count of microorganisms in various products and raw materials, as per USP and IP standards.
Growth Promotion:It provides a rich nutrient base for the growth of diverse microorganisms, making it useful for cultivating a wide range of bacterial and fungal species.
Environmental Monitoring:Used in the microbiological analysis of environmental samples, including those from food production facilities and other settings.
Neutralization of Disinfectants:The medium's neutralizing agents (lecithin and polysorbate 20) allow for the recovery and detection of microorganisms that might otherwise be inhibited by disinfectants present on surfaces.
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 35 is a specialized culture medium used for the microbiological assay of bleomycin, specifically using Mycobacterium smegmatis as the test organism. It is formulated according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, which are outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). This medium serves as a base agar for agar diffusion assays, where bleomycin diffuses from a cylinder or cup into the agar, inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Key Features:
Specific Purpose: Primarily used for bleomycin assay with Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Regulatory Compliance: Formulated in accordance with CFR, which sets standards for antibiotic assay methods.
Agar Diffusion Method: Used as a base agar in the agar diffusion method for measuring antibiotic activity.
Test Organism: Mycobacterium smegmatis is the test organism used with this medium.
Glycerol: Glycerol is added as a carbon source to support the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Vegetable Peptone Option: A vegetable peptone version, Antibiotic HiVeg™ Assay Medium No. 35, is also available, which is BSE-TSE risks free.
Base Agar Preparation: The base agar should be prepared on the same day as the test, and a sufficient layer (21 mL for cylinder method) is required.
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Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar DRBC Agar
1.King D.A. Jr., Hocking A.D. and Pitt J.I., 1979, J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 37:959.2.Sharp A.N.
PackPack Size
500G
Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC Agar) is a selective culture medium used primarily for the enumeration and isolation of yeasts and molds from food samples, according to HiMedia. It selectively inhibits the growth of bacteria, allowing for the easier counting and identification of fungal colonies. Key Features and Components:
Selective Agent:The combination of dichloran, Rose Bengal, and chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial growth, which would otherwise interfere with the accurate enumeration of fungal colonies.
Dichloran:An antifungal agent that restricts the overgrowth of certain fungi, particularly those that spread rapidly, like Rhizopus and Mucor.
Rose Bengal:Another antifungal agent that inhibits bacterial growth and restricts the size of rapidly growing mold colonies.
Chloramphenicol:A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth, further enhancing the selectivity of the medium.
Nutrient Source:The medium contains peptone (for carbon and nitrogen), dextrose (a carbohydrate source), and other essential nutrients like phosphate and magnesium sulfate.
Agar:The solidifying agent, providing a suitable substrate for fungal growth and colony formation.
Applications and Use:
Enumeration of Fungi:DRBC Agar is used for counting fungal colonies in various food samples, including those where bacterial growth is also present.
Selective Isolation:It facilitates the isolation of specific fungal species that may not grow well on other culture media.
Food Microbiology:It's a valuable tool in food microbiology for monitoring fungal contamination and assessing the quality of food products.
Note: The specific concentrations of dichloran, Rose Bengal, and chloramphenicol, as well as other components, can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and the specific application.
MacConkey Agar is a selective and differential culture medium used to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria due to the presence of bile salts and crystal violet. The differential component is lactose, which, when fermented by certain bacteria, produces acidic byproducts that cause the pH indicator, neutral red, to turn the colonies pink or red. Non-lactose fermenters will appear as pale or colorless colonies. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Selective:Bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, allowing Gram-negative bacteria to grow.
Differential:The presence of lactose and the pH indicator neutral red differentiates bacteria based on their ability to ferment lactose.
Composition:It typically contains peptic digest of animal tissue and proteose peptone for nutrient supply, lactose as the fermentable carbohydrate, bile salts and crystal violet as selective agents, sodium chloride for osmotic balance, and agar as the solidifying agent.
Results:Lactose fermenters (e.g., E. coli) appear as pink or red colonies, while non-lactose fermenters appear as pale or colorless colonies.
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 9, also known as Polymyxin Base Agar, is a specialized microbiological medium used for the quantitative assay of polymyxin antibiotics. It supports the growth of specific test organisms like Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are used in the assay of Polymyxin B, Colistimethate sodium, Colistin, and Carbenicillin. The medium is designed to be a base layer for antibiotic diffusion assays, where a seed layer containing the test organism is applied on top. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Purpose:Primarily used for the microbiological assay of polymyxin antibiotics like Polymyxin B, Colistimethate sodium, and Colistin. It can also be used for the Carbenicillin assay with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Composition:The medium typically includes casein enzymic hydrolysate and papaic digest of soybean meal as nutrient sources, dextrose for energy, and phosphates for buffering. Agar provides the solid support for the assay and controls the diffusion of the antibiotic.
Preparation:The medium is prepared from a dehydrated powder, which is cream to yellow in color. It forms a light amber-colored, clear to slightly opalescent gel when prepared.
Use:It's used as a base layer in antibiotic diffusion assays. A seed layer, containing the test organism, is added on top of the solidified base layer.
Test Organisms:Bordetella bronchiseptica is commonly used as the test organism for Polymyxin B, Colistimethate sodium, and Colistin assays, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is used for Carbenicillin assays.
Storage:The medium should be stored in a cool, dry place (ideally 8-25°C) and protected from direct sunlight.
Voriconazole (VRC), often marketed as VFEND, is a triazole antifungal medication used to treat serious fungal infections, especially those caused by Aspergillus, Fusarium, and certain Candida species. It's available as tablets, powder for oral suspension, and injection for intravenous use. Voriconazole works by inhibiting a specific enzyme in fungal cells that is necessary for their growth and reproduction, thus stopping the infection. Key Uses:
Invasive aspergillosis:Fungal infection primarily affecting the lungs and potentially spreading to other organs.
Invasive candidiasis:Fungal infection in the blood, often in patients with weakened immune systems.
Serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium or Fusarium:These infections can be difficult to treat with other antifungal medications.
Some fluconazole-resistant Candida infections:Voriconazole may be used when other antifungal treatments are ineffective.
Dosage and Administration:
Oral: Tablets or powder for oral suspension, taken regularly as prescribed.
Intravenous: Injection for intravenous infusion, often used in severe cases or when oral administration is not possible.
Dosage: The appropriate dose of voriconazole depends on the specific fungal infection, its severity, and the patient's individual circumstances.
Important Considerations:
Visual Disturbances:Common side effects of voriconazole include visual disturbances such as blurred vision, changes in color perception, and photophobia (sensitivity to light).
Drug Interactions:Voriconazole can interact with other medications, including some that affect the liver and certain drugs used to treat other conditions.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM):Blood levels of voriconazole are sometimes monitored to ensure the medication is at an effective level and to minimize the risk of side effects.
Contraindications:Voriconazole should not be used in patients with known allergies to the medication or certain other substances, or those taking specific medications that could interact dangerously.
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is a yellow-orange crystalline compound extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa). It is a polyphenol and a major component of the spice. Chemically, it is characterized by its structure, molecular weight, and melting point. Curcumin exhibits keto-enol tautomerism, which affects its behavior in different pH conditions. It is known for its various biological properties and is often used in traditional medicine and as a natural food colorant. Detailed Description:
Chemical Structure:Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is represented by the chemical formula C21H20O6. Its molecular weight is approximately 368.37 g/mol.
Physical Properties:It is a crystalline powder with a yellow-orange color. Curcumin is practically insoluble in water but soluble in solvents like ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetone. Its melting point is around 183°C.
Tautomerism:Curcumin exhibits keto-enol tautomerism. In acidic or neutral solutions, the keto form predominates, while in alkaline conditions, the enol form is favored. This tautomerism affects its solubility and color at different pH levels.
Biological Properties:Curcumin is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. It has been studied for its potential in treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions.
Extraction and Use:Curcumin is extracted from turmeric rhizomes, and it is used as a natural food colorant (E100) and in various traditional medicine practices.
Limitations:Curcumin's poor bioavailability and stability can limit its therapeutic efficacy. Research is ongoing to improve its absorption and stability through various formulations and combinations with other compounds.
Kovacs Indole Reagent is a biochemical liquid that detects the presence of indole in microorganisms. It's used to identify microorganisms in food, beverages, and environmental samples. What it's made of Isoamyl alcohol, Para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), and Concentrated hydrochloric acid. How it works
Microorganisms that produce indole cleave tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonia
Indole reacts with DMAB to form a red complex
The alcohol layer concentrates the red color complex, producing a reddish-pink color
Uses Identifying E. coli, Confirming the presence of other pathogenic microorganisms, and Differentiating between species of bacteria. Storage
Keep in a dry, well-ventilated place away from heat and ignition sources
Himedia Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) is a microbiological culture medium used to identify Gram-negative enteric bacilli by detecting their ability to ferment glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and produce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). It contains dextrose, lactose, and sucrose as fermentable carbohydrates, ferrous ions and sodium thiosulfate for H₂S production, and phenol red as a pH indicator. A color change to yellow indicates acid production from fermentation, a black precipitate indicates H₂S production, and bubbles or cracks in the agar show gas production. Composition & Principle
Carbohydrates: Glucose (dextrose), lactose, and sucrose provide different sugar sources for fermentation.
pH Indicator: Phenol red is a red dye that turns yellow in acidic conditions.
H₂S Indicator: Ferrous ions and sodium thiosulphate react with hydrogen sulfide gas to produce a black precipitate.
Peptones & Yeast Extract: Provide nitrogen and growth factors.
How to Interpret ResultsThe results are interpreted by observing the color change in the slant (top) and butt (base) of the agar, along with indicators of gas and H₂S production.
Alkaline Slant / Acid Butt (K/A or R/Y): Organism ferments only glucose.
Acid/Acid (A/A or Y/Y): Organism ferments glucose and at least one other sugar (lactose and/or sucrose).
Alkaline/Alkaline (K/K or R/R): No carbohydrate fermentation occurs.
Black Precipitate: Indicates production of hydrogen sulfide gas.
Gas Bubbles/Cracks: Indicate gas production during fermentation.
Uses
Identification of Enterobacteriaceae:Primarily used to differentiate between various Gram-negative enteric bacteria.
Salmonella Identification:Particularly useful for confirming the presence of Salmonella species and in parallel with Urea Agar/Broth to distinguish them from Proteus species.
Food & Milk Testing:Follows recommendations by organizations like the APHA for analyzing meat, food, and dairy products.
Cultural Response Cultural Characteristics Observed After Incubation At 30-35 Degreec For 18-72 Hour
Gelling
Firm, Comparable With 1.36% Agar Gel
Colour and Clarity of prepared medium
Light Amber Coloured Opalescent Gel With A Slight Precipitate Forms In Petri Plates
Cetrimide agar is a selective and differential medium used to isolate and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various samples. It contains cetrimide, a detergent that inhibits the growth of most bacteria except for P. aeruginosa and some other Pseudomonas species. The medium also enhances the production of pyocyanin, a blue-green pigment, and pyoverdin, a yellow-green fluorescent pigment, which are characteristic of P. aeruginosa. Key Features and Applications:
Selective Medium:Cetrimide agar is selective because cetrimide inhibits the growth of many other bacteria, allowing P. aeruginosa to grow preferentially.
Differential Medium:The medium can differentiate P. aeruginosa from other Pseudomonas species based on its ability to produce pyocyanin and pyoverdin.
Isolation and Identification:It's used for the isolation of P. aeruginosa from various samples, including clinical specimens, environmental samples, and pharmaceutical products.
Harmonized Method:The medium is used in microbial limit testing according to harmonized methodologies of USP/EP/BP/JP/IP.
Pigment Production:P. aeruginosa grown on cetrimide agar produces pyocyanin (a blue, water-soluble pigment) and pyoverdin (a yellow-green fluorescent pigment).
Composition (Typical):
Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin: A source of nitrogen.
Magnesium Chloride: Enhances pyocyanin production and neutralizes EDTA.
Cetrimide: The selective agent that inhibits the growth of most bacteria.
Agar: The solidifying agent.
Glycerol: A source of carbon.
Preparation and Usage:
1. Dehydrated Form:Cetrimide agar is available in a dehydrated form, which is dissolved in distilled water and autoclaved.
2. Pouring Plates:The medium is cooled and poured into sterile Petri dishes.
3. Inoculation:Samples are inoculated onto the agar plates and incubated at appropriate temperatures (typically 37°C for clinical samples and 30-35°C for some other Pseudomonas species).
4. Identification:P. aeruginosa colonies are typically identified by their characteristic blue-green pigment production and, in some cases, a grape-like odor.
Important Notes:
P. aeruginosa is a common nosocomial pathogen and can cause various infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections.
The characteristic blue-green pigment (pyocyanin) and fluorescent pigment (pyoverdin) production help differentiate P. aeruginosa from other Pseudomonas species and other bacteria.
Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) is a liquid culture medium primarily used for cultivating and isolating yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes. Its high dextrose concentration and low pH (around 5.6) promote the growth of these microorganisms while inhibiting many bacterial species. SDB is a complex medium, meaning it contains multiple ingredients that provide nutrients for growth, including peptone (digested animal tissue and casein), dextrose (a sugar), and other vitamins and minerals. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Purpose:SDB is used in various applications, including:
Cultivating and isolating yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes.
Testing the antifungal activity of pharmaceutical products.
Microbiological examination of non-sterile products, such as those in the pharmacopeia (USP, EP, JP).
Detecting the presence of Candida albicans in non-sterile products.
MacConkey Agar without Crystal Violet (CV), Sodium Chloride (NaCl), and with 0.5% Sodium Taurocholate is a modified version of MacConkey Agar, designed for cultivating and differentiating enteric bacteria. It's particularly useful for isolating and differentiating Gram-negative bacteria from specimens containing swarming Proteus species. Key Features and Uses:
Modification of MacConkey Agar:This version omits CV and NaCl, and replaces bile salts with 0.5% sodium taurocholate.
Selective and Differential:It promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria while inhibiting the growth of many Gram-positive organisms.
Differentiation:Lactose-fermenting bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) will produce pink or red colonies, while non-lactose fermenters (e.g., Shigella, Salmonella) will appear as clear or colorless colonies.
Restricts Proteus Swarming:This modification helps to suppress the swarming phenomenon of Proteus species, which can obscure the identification of other bacteria in specimens.
Applications:Used for cultivating and differentiating enteric bacteria from various specimens like urine, feces, and water.
How it Works:
Sodium Taurocholate:This bile salt inhibits the growth of many Gram-positive bacteria, making the medium selective.
Neutral Red Indicator:This pH indicator turns red when lactose is fermented, indicating the presence of lactose-fermenting bacteria.
Lactose:Provides a carbohydrate substrate for fermentation, allowing differentiation of bacteria based on their ability to utilize lactose.
Mueller-Hinton agar is a non-selective, non-differential microbiological growth medium widely used in antibiotic susceptibility testing. It is particularly useful in the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The agar is composed of beef extract, casein hydrolysate, starch, and agar. Its composition allows for the growth of many bacteria, and it has a low concentration of factors that can inhibit antibiotic activity, making it ideal for susceptibility testing. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Composition:Mueller-Hinton agar typically contains beef extract and casein hydrolysate (providing a source of nitrogen, vitamins, carbon, amino acids, and other essential nutrients), starch (to absorb toxic metabolites), and agar (as a solidifying agent).
Primary Use:It is the standard medium for antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method.
Why it's suitable:
Nutrient-rich: Supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria.
Low in inhibitors: Contains low levels of substances (like calcium and magnesium ions) that can interfere with the activity of some antibiotics, ensuring accurate susceptibility testing.
Other Applications:Mueller-Hinton agar can also be used for the isolation and maintenance of Neisseria and Moraxella species.
Variations:It can be enriched with blood or other supplements to support the growth of fastidious organisms (those with complex nutritional requirements).
Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar (SCA) is a selective medium used for cultivating yeasts and molds, particularly those associated with skin infections. The medium's acidic pH inhibits bacterial growth while promoting fungal growth, and the addition of chloramphenicol further inhibits bacteria. Key features of Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar:
Selective Medium:SCA is designed to favor the growth of fungi while inhibiting bacterial growth.
Acidic pH:The low pH (typically around 5.6) is a key factor in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Chloramphenicol:This antibiotic further restricts bacterial growth, making the medium more selective for fungi.
Applications:SCA is used for isolating and culturing pathogenic fungi, particularly those involved in skin and other infections, and for the isolation of dermatophytes.
Composition:The basic medium is typically Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and chloramphenicol is added as an antibiotic.
Casein-Soyabean Digest Agar (SCDA) is a general-purpose medium used to grow a wide variety of microorganisms. It's also known as Tryptone Soya Agar. What it's used for?
Microbial limit tests: Used to test for microbial contamination in products like cosmetics
Antimicrobial preservative tests: Used to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives
Sterility testing: Used to test for sterility in products
Maintenance of stock cultures: Used to maintain cultures of microorganisms
Phage and colicin typing: Used to type phages and colicins
Haemophilus differentiation: Used to determine if Haemophilus isolates require X and V growth factors
Production of antigens and toxins: Used to produce antigens and toxins in the health industry
Detection of antimicrobial agents: Used to detect antimicrobial agents in food and other products
What it contains? casein enzymic hydrolysate, papaic digest of soyabean meal, sodium chloride, and agar. How it works?
The amino acids and long chain peptides in the medium provide nutrients for microorganisms
Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance in the medium
Lauryl sulfate broth, also known as Lauryl Tryptose Broth, is a microbiological growth medium used to detect and enumerate coliform bacteria, particularly in water, wastewater, dairy products, and other food samples. It is recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) for these purposes. The medium contains sodium lauryl sulfate, which inhibits the growth of non-coliform organisms, allowing for selective enrichment of coliforms. Here's a more detailed description:Composition:
Key Features:
Selective Medium:Lauryl Sulphate Broth contains sodium lauryl sulfate, which inhibits the growth of non-coliform bacteria, making it effective for isolating coliforms.
Nutrient-Rich:It provides essential nutrients like nitrogen, carbon, and vitamins from tryptose, supporting the growth of coliforms.
Lactose Fermentation:The broth includes lactose, which coliforms ferment, producing acid and gas as byproducts, aiding in their detection.
Gas Production Detection:The broth is often used with Durham tubes to detect gas production, a characteristic of coliform fermentation.
Applications:
Water Quality Testing:Used for detecting coliforms in drinking water, wastewater, and other water sources.
Food Microbiology:Employed in the analysis of dairy products, food samples, and animal feed to assess potential contamination.
Presumptive Identification:The MPN test using Lauryl Sulphate Broth provides a presumptive identification of coliforms, which can be further confirmed by other tests.
Fluorogenic Detection:Some formulations include MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide) to facilitate rapid detection of E. coli using fluorescence under UV light.
In essence, Lauryl Sulphate Broth is a valuable tool for microbiologists to assess the sanitary quality of various materials by selectively isolating and identifying coliform bacteria.
Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) Salmonella Enrichment Broth is a selective enrichment medium designed to isolate Salmonella species from various samples. It promotes the growth of Salmonella while inhibiting the growth of other bacteria, enhancing their detection and recovery. This broth is particularly useful in food safety testing, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. Key Features and Uses:
Selective Enrichment:RV broth utilizes components like magnesium chloride and malachite green to inhibit the growth of competing bacteria, allowing Salmonella to thrive.
Specific Applications:It's widely used in various settings, including food safety testing, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics to isolate Salmonella.
Harmonized Methodology:The broth is often prepared according to harmonized methods, such as those outlined in USP/EP/BP/JP, ensuring standardization.
Direct Enrichment:It can be used directly for samples with low inoculum, making it suitable for situations where initial Salmonella counts may be low.
Principle of Enrichment:
Salmonella species exhibit certain characteristics that make them well-suited to grow in this medium, including tolerance to high osmotic conditions, a slightly acidic pH, and resistance to malachite green, which are also incorporated into the media.
Soya peptone provides essential nutrients for growth.
The relatively lower concentration of nutrients in the medium also contributes to the selective enrichment of Salmonella.
