Pioneers in the industry, we offer indole-3-butyric acid iba plant culture tested himedia, propan 2 ol 2.5ltr, merck emplura toluene 2.5l, aluminium chloride anhydrous sq qualigens, ethylene glycol-o-o-bis-2-aminoethyl n,n,n,n-tetraacetic acid (egta) extrapure, 98% and glycerol 98% extra pure from India.
Indole-3-butyric acid IBA Plant Culture Tested Himedia
HiMedia's Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) (Plant Culture Tested), identified by SKU PCT0804, is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family that promotes root formation in plant cuttings and aids in the micropropagation of plants. This yellowish-white powder, with a molecular formula of C₁₂H₁₃NO₂ and molecular weight of 203.24 g/mol, has an assay of ≥99% and a CAS number of 133-32-4. It is typically stored at 2–8°C and sold as a perishable item due to its use in plant tissue culture and related biotechnologies. Product Details:
Product Name: Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
Category: Plant growth regulators
SKU (Stock Keeping Unit): PCT0804
Appearance: Yellowish-white powder
Assay: ≥99%
CAS Number: 133-32-4
Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 203.24 g/mol
Storage: 2–8°C
Uses in Plant Culture:
Rooting Agent: Promotes the formation of roots on plant cuttings.
Micropropagation: Utilized in tissue culture for the mass multiplication of plants and the development of new plant traits through biotechnology.
Plant Growth Regulator: As an auxin, it influences various aspects of plant growth and differentiation, including flower and fruit development.
Key Characteristics:
Synthetic Auxin:While IBA is a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring plant hormones, it effectively mimics the action of natural auxins.
Perishable Item:Due to its use in sensitive plant tissue culture applications, it is classified as a perishable item requiring specific handling and storage.
Qualigens propan-2-ol, also known as isopropyl alcohol, is a colorless, flammable, organic compound with a strong odor:
Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHOH
CAS number: 67-63-0
Molecular weight: 60.10
Melting point -127°C
Boiling point: 97°C
Here are some other properties of Qualigens propan-2-ol:
Purity: 99%
Grade: Industrial
Physical state: Liquid
Packaging: Can
Packaging size: 2.5 L
Propan-2-ol is used in many applications, including: manufacturing medicines, window cleaners, dye solutions, perfumes, cosmetics, anti-freezes, lacquer formulations, soaps, solvent, and rubefacient.Propan-2-ol is also known as isopropanol or 2-propanol.
Merck Emplura Toluene 2.5l is a liquid solvent with a purity of at least 99% (GC). It is part of Merck's EMPLURA® line, which offers lower-cost solvents for basic applications in non-regulated industries, preparative laboratory work, and cleaning. The product is packaged in a 2.5-liter glass bottle. Key Features:
Purity: ≥99% (GC)
Product Line: EMPLURA®
Packaging: 2.5-liter glass bottle
CAS Number: 108-88-3
Molecular Weight: 92.14
Density: 0.864-0.867 g/mL at 25°C (literature value)
Boiling Point: 110-111 °C (literature value)
Flash Point: 4 °C
Melting Point: -93 °C (literature value)
Solubility: 0.52 g/L
Shelf Life: 5 years
General Description and Uses:Toluene is a widely used solvent, often employed in various applications such as cleaning, as a component in paints and coatings, and in the synthesis of other chemicals. Merck's EMPLURA® grade is suitable for basic applications where high purity is not essential, making it a cost-effective option for many laboratory and industrial uses. It's important to handle toluene with care due to its flammability and potential health hazards.
Aluminium chloride anhydrous is a highly reactive, highly hygroscopic, white or yellowish crystalline solid with a pungent odor that reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen chloride gas. It serves as a strong Lewis acid and industrial catalyst for reactions like halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and acylation, with wide applications in petrochemical manufacturing and the production of detergents and battery materials. The chemical is corrosive to tissue and toxic if ingested or inhaled. Physical Properties:
Appearance: A white to gray or yellowish crystalline powder.
Odor: Pungent.
Hygroscopic Nature: It readily absorbs moisture from the air.
Reactivity: It reacts violently with water, releasing toxic hydrogen chloride gas.
Chemical Properties:
Lewis Acid: It is a strong Lewis acid, meaning it can accept an electron pair.
Catalyst: A primary industrial catalyst for various chemical reactions.
Uses and Applications:
Industrial Catalyst:Used in Friedel-Crafts reactions (alkylation and acylation), and as a catalyst for aromatic hydrocarbon halogenation.
Petrochemical Manufacturing:Key in producing petrochemicals like alkylbenzene, ethylbenzene, and ethyl chloride.
Other Uses:Used in the manufacturing of detergents, for polymerization, and to catalyze isomerization of hydrocarbons.
Safety Considerations:
Corrosive: Corrosive to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract.
Toxic: Toxic by ingestion.
Reacts with Water: Produces hazardous hydrogen chloride gas upon contact with water.
Ethylene glycol-o-o-bis-(2-aminoethyl) n,n,n,n-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) extrapure, 98% is a highly pure chelating agent, particularly effective at binding calcium ions and useful in buffering and biochemical research to study calcium signaling, enzyme assays, and protein purification. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that forms stable complexes with metal ions like calcium, and its chelating ability is influenced by pH, with optimal performance in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. It is supplied as an extrapure grade, indicating a high level of purity (98%) suitable for precise scientific applications where calcium concentration needs to be controlled or measured in the presence of other ions like magnesium. Key Characteristics and Uses
Chelating Agent:EGTA's primary function is to bind and sequester divalent metal ions, especially calcium, due to its four acetic acid groups attached to an ethylene glycol backbone.
Selective Calcium Binding:It exhibits a strong affinity for calcium ions, making it useful for determining calcium levels in the presence of magnesium, which EGTA binds less effectively.
Applications in Research:It is widely used in:
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: For tasks like enzyme assays, protein purification, and studying calcium signaling pathways in biological systems.
Cell Biology: To induce cell-to-cell junction weakening and investigate the role of extracellular calcium in processes such as axonal mitochondria degeneration.
pH Dependence:The chelating efficiency of EGTA is significantly affected by the pH of the solution, performing best under neutral to slightly alkaline conditions.
Physical Properties:It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
Extrapure Grade:The "extrapure, 98%" designation indicates a high level of purity, meaning the product contains at least 98% of the intended compound, making it suitable for demanding analytical and experimental procedures.
Glycerol 98% Extra Pure is a clear, colorless, odorless, and syrupy liquid with the following properties:
Chemical formula: C3H8O3
Molecular weight: 92.09
Purity: 98.0–101.0%
Shelf life: 5 years
Packaging: 500 ml, 1 Ltr., 2.5 Ltr.
Glycerol 98% Extra Pure is also known as glycerine or glycerin. It is a simple polyol compound that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. Glycerol has many uses, including:
Solvent: Used in laboratories
Sweetening agent: Used in various applications
Medicine: Used for various purposes
Internal combustion fuel: Used to power diesel generators
Skin care: Helps prevent drying and retains moisture on the skin
Poultices: Used to remove fluids from inflamed and swollen areas
When glycerol is in the intestines, it attracts water into the gut, softening stools and relieving constipation
Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate is a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals with the chemical formula NaH2PO4.2H2O. It has the following properties:
Physical state: Solid at 20°C
Odor: Odorless
pH value: 4.2–4.5
Melting point/freezing point: 60°C
Density: 1.92 g/cm3
Solubility in water: Soluble in water
Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate is used in a variety of applications, including:
Buffering capacity reagent: Used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and chromatography
Biological buffer preparation: Used in conjunction with sodium phosphate, dibasic
Baking powder: Used as a pH buffer
Laxative: Used as a laxative
Boiler water treatment: Used in boiler water treatment
Food sequestrant: Used as a sequestrant for food
Magnesium ion detection: Used to detect magnesium ions in salt
Thickening agent and emulsifier: Used as a thickening agent and emulsifier in toothpastes, animal feed, and evaporated milk
Silver nitrate ER 25G is a chemical compound with the formula AgNO3 that is used in many industries. It is a strong oxidizing agent and corrosive. Description
Silver nitrate is a colorless or white crystalline solid that turns black when exposed to light or organic material
It is soluble in water, glycerine, and hot alcohol
It is a natural compound that is used as an antiinfective agent
Uses
Skin care: Used topically to cauterize infected tissues, create scabs, and remove warts or skin tags
Photography: Used in photographic films
Laboratory: Used as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy
Silver plating: Used in silver plating
Mirrors: Used in manufacturing mirrors
Porcelain: Used in coloring porcelain
Histology: Used as a stain in histology
Organic synthesis: Used in deprotection and oxidation reactions
Safety
Wear rubber gloves when using silver nitrate as it leaves a dark spot when it touches the skin
Potassium hydroxide pellets are a white, odorless, solid, inorganic compound with the chemical formula KOH. They are also known as caustic potash. Some of their properties include:
Appearance: White, deliquescent pellets
pH: 13.5
Melting point: 361 °C
Boiling point: 1320°C
Density: 2.04 g/cm3
Potassium hydroxide pellets are used in a variety of applications, including:
Making soap
Electrolyte in alkaline batteries
Electroplating
Lithography
Paint and varnish removers
Liquid drain cleaners
Synthesizing other potassium compounds
Potassium hydroxide pellets are hazardous and can cause severe burns. They are water reactive and should not come into contact with water. When handling potassium hydroxide pellets, you should:
Use personal protective equipment
Use only under a chemical fume hood
Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
Propylene carbonate, with a purity of 99%, is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic liquid organic compound. It's a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol. This solvent is widely used in various applications due to its polarity and aprotic nature. Key Properties and Uses:
Solvent:It's a polar, aprotic solvent, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic and inorganic materials.
Applications:It finds use in paints and coatings, as a high-permittivity component in lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and in cosmetics. It also acts as a plasticizer, hard surface cleaner, and resin cleaner.
Other Uses:It is also used in adhesives, paint strippers, fiberglass, and polyester and polyurethane cleaners.
Chemical Properties:It has a molecular weight of 102.09 and a CAS number of 108-32-7.
Safety:While generally considered safe, it's important to consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before use. It's not intended for direct food, drug, or cosmetic use.
In summary, propylene carbonate is a versatile and widely used chemical compound, particularly valued for its properties as a solvent and its role in various industrial and consumer products.
Approximately 16C which is why it's called glacial
Acetic acid glacial extrapure 99.5% is a highly concentrated, clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, vinegar-like odor and a minimum purity of 99.5%. It is used as a solvent and reagent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and research, and has applications in chemical synthesis and quality control. Key characteristics include its low water content, solid form at temperatures below its freezing point (~16°C), and corrosive nature. Key Properties
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid or crystalline solid.
Odor: Pungent and characteristic, similar to vinegar.
Purity: A minimum of 99.5%.
Molecular Formula: CH₃COOH (or C₂H₄O₂).
Molecular Weight: 60.05 g/mol.
Freezing Point: Approximately 16°C, which is why it's called "glacial".
Solubility: Readily dissolves in both hot and cold water.
Corrosivity: Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Uses
Industrial Solvent: Used in the manufacturing sector and other industrial processes.
Reagent: Acts as a reagent in various chemical reactions and syntheses.
Preservative: Functions as a preservative in certain applications.
Research & Pharmaceuticals: Essential in laboratory settings for research and in the pharmaceutical industry.
What "Glacial" MeansThe term "glacial" refers to the high concentration of acetic acid, with less than 1% water content. At temperatures below its freezing point, it solidifies into crystalline masses, similar to ice. Safety & Storage
Handling: It is a corrosive substance and should be handled with appropriate precautions.
Storage: Typically stored at room temperature (25 to 40°C).
Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate, Extrapure AR 99% is a white, crystalline powder with a high purity of 99%. It is commonly used as a reagent in various laboratory applications and as a source of molybdenum in other processes. The "Extrapure AR" grade indicates it meets stringent purity standards for analytical reagent use. Here's a more detailed description:
Chemical Formula: (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O
Molecular Weight: 1235.86
CAS Number: 12054-85-2
Appearance: White, crystalline powder
Purity: 99% minimum
Grade: Extrapure AR (Analytical Reagent)
Solubility: Soluble in water
Storage: Room temperature, shelf life of 60 months
Common Uses:
Reagent in analytical chemistry, including detection of phosphates
Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) extra pure, as supplied by Loba Chemie, is a white, crystalline, hygroscopic compound. It is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and is characterized by its high purity, typically greater than 98%. Key Characteristics:
Appearance: White, crystalline, and hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).
Purity: Assay (argentometric) is typically greater than or equal to 98%.
Other Specifications:
Chloride (Cl): Max 0.01%
Sulphate (SO4): Max 0.05%
Sulphide (S): Max 0.002%
Heavy Metals (as Pb): Max 0.001%
Ammonium (NH4): Max 0.05%
Iron (Fe): Max 0.005%
pH (10% aq. solution): 5.5 - 8.0
Uses:
Laboratory Reagent:Potassium thiocyanate is widely used in analytical chemistry for various titrations, including the determination of chloride ions (according to the University of Canterbury).
Other Applications:It also finds applications in photography, dyeing, and as a component in some chemical syntheses.
Important Notes:
Hygroscopic Nature:Due to its hygroscopic nature, potassium thiocyanate should be stored in a tightly sealed container to prevent moisture absorption.
Safety Precautions:When handling potassium thiocyanate, it is recommended to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat.
Odorless or has a very faint mineral oil-like odor
Qualigens' Light Liquid Paraffin is a clear, colorless, and odorless mineral oil product, characterized by its low viscosity and high boiling point. As an emollient, it is used in cosmetics to soothe and soften skin by preventing water loss. It also functions as a lubricant in various industries, a solvent or vehicle in pharmaceuticals, and a base for other products. Key Characteristics
Appearance: Clear and colorless liquid.
Odor: Odorless or has a very faint mineral oil-like odor.
Nature: A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, also known as mineral oil.
Common Uses
Cosmetics: Used as an emollient to moisturize and soften dry skin, providing relief from conditions like eczema.
Pharmaceuticals: Acts as a vehicle and solvent, and can be used as a lubricant or laxative.
Industrial Applications: Serves as a lubricant in industries like textile processing.
Other Uses: Functions as a base for some lamps and candles.
Benefits
Moisturizing: Prevents water loss from the skin, acting as a protective barrier.
Versatility: Its inert nature and low viscosity make it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Lubricating Properties: Provides smooth surfaces for mechanical and cosmetic purposes.
Acetic acid from Honeywell is a clear, colorless organic liquid with the chemical formula CH3COOH, also known as ethanoic acid. It is a lab-grade chemical with a purity of 99% and is used in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, Indian website. Honeywell's version is often available as a reagent grade for chemical synthesis and other industrial uses, as well as in semiconductor applications. Key Features and Properties:
Chemical Formula: CH3COOH
Purity: 99%
Grade: Lab Grade
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting Point: 16°C
pH Value: Acidic
CAS Number: 64-19-7
Uses: Pharmaceuticals, lab reagents, chemical synthesis, semiconductor manufacturing.
Applications:
Semiconductor Industry: Used in etching processes due to its lower dielectric constant compared to water, leading to higher oxidation power.
Analytical Chemistry: Used as a solvent and reagent in various analytical techniques.
Pharmaceuticals: Used in the production of various pharmaceutical compounds.
Industrial Applications: Used in the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), ester production, and other industrial processes.
Other Uses: It is a component of vinegar and is used in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibers and fabrics.
Dichloromethane (DCM), also known as methylene chloride, can be detected using various analytical techniques, including solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography, or by using bioreporters like the Methylobacterium extorquens DCM( lux), which emits visible light when exposed to DCM. Additionally, fixed, continuous VOC gas detectors and gas detection tubes can also be used for DCM detection. Detailed Methods for Dichloromethane Detection:
Analytical Techniques:
SPME and Capillary Gas Chromatography: These methods are commonly used for DCM analysis, requiring trained personnel and specialized equipment.
Photoacoustic Environmental Monitors: These monitors can also be used for DCM detection.
Bioreporters:
Bioluminescent Bacteria: The Methylobacterium extorquens DCM( lux) bioreporter is engineered to detect DCM by producing visible light when exposed to the compound, offering a self-directed detection method with sensitivity down to 1.0 ppm in vapor phase and 0.1 ppm in liquid phase, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov).
Gas Detectors:
Fixed VOC Gas Detectors: These detectors can continuously monitor and measure total volatile organic compounds, including DCM, in industrial environments.
Gas Detection Tubes: Colorimetric gas detector tubes, like those produced by Sensidyne, can be used for routine or spot sampling of DCM and other gases, providing a low-cost method.
Biological Monitoring:
Breath CO Analysis: Since DCM is metabolized to carbon monoxide, breath analysis can be used to monitor exposure levels.
Additional Information:
Health Risks:Dichloromethane is classified as a probable human carcinogen, hepatic toxin, and central nervous system effector, requiring careful monitoring and control.
Industrial Uses:DCM is used as a solvent, in paint strippers, an
Perchloric acid (HClO₄), a strong mineral acid, is a colorless, odorless, and oily liquid that is a powerful oxidizer, especially when heated or at high concentrations, posing a risk of fire and/or violent explosion. Here's a more detailed description of perchloric acid:Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless, odorless, and oily liquid.
Chemical Formula: HClO₄.
Strength: One of the strongest mineral acids.
Oxidizing Power: A powerful oxidizer, especially when heated or at high concentrations.
Aqueous Solutions: Aqueous solutions up to 70% behave as strong, non-oxidizing acids at room temperature.
Liquid sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, viscous, and oily liquid with the chemical formula H2SO4:
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellowish, odorless, and syrupy
Properties: Soluble in water, releases heat when dissolved, and has a strong acidic nature
Uses: Used in the production of fertilizers, pigments, dyes, drugs, explosives, detergents, and inorganic salts and acids
Health effects: Exposure can cause severe burns, permanent damage, and even death. Long-term exposure can cause dry, red, cracked skin, and may wear away tooth enamel.
Other names: Also known as oil of vitriol or Mattling acid
Sulfuric acid is a mineral acid made up of sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. It is synthesized in highly exothermic reactions.
Crystal violet stain is a dye used as a histological stain, particularly in Gram's method for classifying bacteria, and also for other applications like detecting fatty components in latent fingerprints. It is also known as gentian violet. Here's a more detailed explanation:What is Crystal Violet?
Chemical Nature: Crystal violet is a triphenylmethane dye.
Appearance: It is a green crystal that becomes violet when dissolved in water.
Use: It's used as a histological stain, primarily in Gram's method for classifying bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative.
Other Applications:
Detecting fatty components in latent fingerprint deposits.
Determining biofilm production.
Developing fingermarks on wet paper.
Staining cells to study cell migration and invasion.
Evaluating cell proliferation and viability.
In Gram's Method:
Crystal violet is the primary stain used in Gram's method.
Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain, appearing purple.
Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet stain and are counterstained with safranin, appearing pink.
Other Uses and Properties:
Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anthelmintic Properties: It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic, but this use is not recommended due to potential carcinogenicity.
Biofilm Staining: Used to stain biofilms for studying biofilm formation.
Cell Viability: Used to assess cell viability.
Acid-Base Indicator: Can be used as an acid-base indicator.
DH5α Competent Cells are a widely used E. coli strain for routine subcloning and general cloning applications due to their high transformation efficiency and suitability for blue/white screening. They are chemically competent, meaning their cell membranes are altered to facilitate DNA uptake. These cells are not recommended for cDNA library construction. Key features and benefits of DH5α Competent Cells for subcloning:
High transformation efficiency:DH5α cells are selected for their ability to achieve high transformation efficiency, typically >1 x 10^6 cfu/μg of plasmid DNA.
Blue/white screening:The presence of the lacZΔM15 mutation allows for blue/white colony screening when using vectors with the lacZα gene, enabling easy identification of successful transformants.
Increased insert stability:The recA1 mutation in DH5α cells minimizes unwanted recombination events, enhancing the stability of cloned DNA fragments.
High DNA yield and quality:The endA1 mutation in DH5α cells results in high-quality DNA with reduced degradation, making them suitable for various cloning procedures.
Routine subcloning:DH5α cells are ideal for subcloning DNA fragments into plasmid vectors.
Not suitable for cDNA libraries:Due to their specific properties optimized for routine subcloning, DH5α cells are not recommended for the construction of cDNA libraries.
Ammonium persulfate (APS) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (NH4)2S2O8:
AppearanceA white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water
PropertiesA strong oxidizing agent and free radical generator in aqueous media. It has a high oxidation potential and can decompose under unfavorable conditions.
UsesUsed in polymer chemistry, as a bleaching agent, cleaning, and an etchant. It is also a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels.
SafetyNon-hazardous and non-explosive. However, it has a fire-promoting effect. It also has hygroscopic properties and tends to clump when stored in the open.
Other namesAlso called Ammonium peroxydisulfate or Diammonium persulfate or Diammonium peroxydisulfate.
Diethylene Glycol (Digol) extrapure refers to a high-purity grade of Diethylene Glycol, typically used when minimal impurities are required, such as in research or applications where purity is critical. Extrapure DEG is characterized by its high degree of purity, with very low levels of contaminants like water, ethylene glycol, and heavy metals. Key Characteristics of Diethylene Glycol (Digol) Extrapure:
High Purity: Extrapure DEG has a minimum assay of 99%, indicating a high level of purity compared to standard grades.
Low Impurities: It contains minimal levels of contaminants such as water (typically less than 0.1%) and ethylene glycol (typically less than 0.75%).
Clear and Colorless: As a liquid, it is typically described as clear and colorless.
Hygroscopic: Like other glycols, DEG is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
Sweetish Taste: It has a slightly sweet taste.
Toxicity: It's important to note that DEG is poisonous, so appropriate safety precautions must be taken when handling it.
Intended Use:
Research: Extrapure DEG is suitable for use in research applications where the presence of impurities could affect experimental results.
High-Precision Manufacturing: It is used in manufacturing processes where maintaining a high level of purity is essential for product quality and performance.
Specific Applications: DEG is also used as a solvent, coolant, and in hydraulic fluids.
Safety Precautions:
Handling: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, and appropriate clothing.
Storage: Store at room temperature (25-40°C).
Disposal: Dispose of according to local regulations.
Inhalation/Ingestion: Avoid inhalation and ingestion. In case of accidental ingestion, seek immediate medical attention.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a water-soluble, synthetic polymer composed of repeating ethylene glycol units. It's a hydrophilic, biocompatible material with a wide range of applications in medical, industrial, and pharmaceutical settings. PEG is commonly used as a laxative, but also serves as a surfactant, emulsifier, and more in various other applications. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Structure:PEG is a polyether compound, meaning it's a chain of repeating ether (-CH2-CH2-) units with hydroxyl groups (-OH) at the ends.
Synthesis:PEG is produced through the ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, a process that can yield a wide variety of molecular weights.
Properties:PEG is known for its excellent water solubility, low immunogenicity, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for use in various applications.
Uses:
Pharmaceuticals: PEG is used as an excipient (inactive ingredient) in many drug formulations, as well as in drug delivery systems and enzyme therapies.
Laxatives: PEG is a common active ingredient in laxatives, used to treat constipation and prepare bowels for medical procedures.
Cosmetics: PEG is used in cosmetic products as a surfactant, emulsifier, cleansing agent, humectant, and skin conditioner.
Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is a form of carbon processed to have a large surface area and small pores, making it highly adsorbent. The "Phosphorus Free AR" designation indicates that it is a type of activated charcoal that is free of phosphorus and suitable for analytical reagent applications. It is typically used for water purification, air filtration, and as a reagent in various laboratory applications. Key Characteristics:
Activated:Processed to have a large surface area and porous structure, enhancing its adsorption capabilities.
Phosphorus Free:Does not contain phosphorus, making it suitable for applications where phosphorus contamination is undesirable, such as in analytical reagent applications.
AR (Analytical Reagent):Indicates that it is a high-purity grade suitable for laboratory use and research purposes.
Adsorbent:Effectively removes pollutants and contaminants from air, water, and other substances by binding them to its surface.
Non-Toxic:Generally considered safe for use in various applications, including medical and environmental settings.
Odorless and Tasteless:Activated charcoal is typically odorless and tasteless, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Common Uses:
Water Purification: Removes impurities, odors, and colors from water.
Air Filtration: Filters out pollutants and contaminants from the air.
Medical Applications: Used to treat poisoning and overdoses by adsorbing toxins in the digestive system.
Laboratory Applications: Used as a reagent in various chemical and biological processes, including soil testing and other analytical procedures.
Important Considerations:
Not a Universal Remedy:Activated charcoal is not effective against all types of toxins or poisons.
Consult a Doctor:If ingested a toxic substance, it's crucial to consult a doctor or poison control center before using activated charcoal.
Proper Storage:Store activated charcoal in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight to maintain its effectiveness.
Taq DNA polymerase is a thermostable enzyme derived from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which thrives in hot springs. It's essential for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) because it remains active at high temperatures, unlike other DNA polymerases that would denature. Taq polymerase catalyzes the 5' to 3' synthesis of DNA, meaning it adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand. Here's a more detailed look:Key Features:
Thermostable: Taq polymerase is stable at high temperatures, allowing for the multiple temperature cycles of PCR.
5' to 3' Polymerase Activity: It adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand, extending existing DNA.
Lacks 3' to 5' Exonuclease (Proofreading) Activity: This means Taq polymerase doesn't have an error-correcting function and can introduce more mutations than other, more accurate polymerases.
Elongation Velocity: It can extend primers at a rate of approximately 0.9-1.2 kb/min at 70-75°C.
Recombinant DNA Polymerase: It's a recombinant protein, meaning it's produced by microorganisms engineered to carry the pol gene for Thermus aquaticus.
Molecular Weight: The recombinant protein has a molecular weight of 94 kDa.
Applications:
PCR Amplification: Taq polymerase is used to amplify specific DNA sequences in PCR.
DNA Labeling: It can be used to label DNA for various purposes.
DNA Sequencing: While not the primary method, it can be used in certain DNA sequencing techniques.
PCR for Cloning: It can be used to amplify DNA fragments for cloning purposes.
Acetonitrile (ACN) for HPLC is a polar aprotic solvent that is water-miscible and has high UV transmittance properties. It is a clear, colorless liquid with the following specifications:
Assay: Minimum 99.9%
Density: 0.780–0.783 g/mL at 20°C
Refractive index: 1.343–1.344 at 20°C
Boiling range: 81–83°C
Non-volatile matter: Maximum 0.0005%
Acidity (CH3COOH): Maximum 0.001%
Water (KF): Maximum 0.03%
ACN for HPLC is suitable for gradient analysis and has a shelf life of 60 months. It can be stored at room temperature. ACN is used in various studies as a solvent and has a high dielectric constant of 37.5. It has low viscosity, which results in less backpressure than other commonly used organic solvents.
CombiTitrant 5, part of Merck's Aquastar® line, is a one-component reagent for volumetric Karl Fischer titration, specifically designed for water determination in various substances. It's a ready-to-use solution where 1 ml is equivalent to approximately 5 mg of H₂O. This reagent is often used with Aquastar® CombiSolvent, a methanol-free solvent, for safer and more efficient titrations. Key Features and Benefits:
One-component solution: Simplifies the titration process by requiring only one reagent.
Volumetric Karl Fischer titration: Specifically formulated for this type of water determination.
High accuracy: 1 ml of CombiTitrant 5 corresponds to approximately 5 mg of water.
Methanol-free alternative: Designed to be used with Aquastar® CombiSolvent, offering a safer and more efficient titration process compared to traditional methanol-based solvents.
Safety: Offers a safer alternative for lab personnel and easier storage compared to methanol-based reagents.
Distinct endpoint: CombiSolvent, when used with CombiTitrant 5, can provide a more distinct endpoint in the titration process.
Suitable for various applications: Can be used for water determination in a range of substances, including oils, fats, and ketones when paired with the appropriate solvents.
A silicon standard solution is a precisely calibrated liquid containing a known concentration of silicon, often used as a reference for analytical measurements, particularly in atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). It is typically prepared by dissolving a known mass of a silicon compound like sodium metasilicate in water, and the concentration is then accurately determined, often traceable to a standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Purpose:
Silicon standard solutions are used to calibrate analytical instruments and to ensure the accuracy of measurements when analyzing samples for silicon content.
Preparation:
The standard solution is made by dissolving a known amount of a silicon-containing compound (e.g., sodium metasilicate, silica) in a specific volume of water.
Traceability:
These solutions are often certified and traceable to NIST SRM, ensuring high accuracy and reliability.
Concentration:
Common concentrations are 1000 mg/L silicon (Si) in water.
Applications:
They are used in various fields like industrial quality control, pharmaceuticals, and environmental analysis.
Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15 DegreeC)
Reaxys Registry Number
14203375
PubChem Substance ID
253660685
MDL Number
MFCD00002676
Tin(II) 2-Ethylhexanoate, also known as stannous octoate, is a chemical compound with the formula Sn(C8H15O2)2. It is a tin(II) salt of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and is commonly used as a polymerization catalyst, particularly for polylactic acid (PLA) production. It also finds applications as a lubricant, addition agent, and stabilizer in various industrial processes. Key Properties and Applications:
Chemical Formula: C16H30O4Sn
Molar Mass: 405.122 g/mol
Appearance: Typically a clear to pale yellow liquid.
Solubility: Miscible with water.
Catalyst: Primarily used as a catalyst in the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic diesters like L-lactide to form biodegradable polymers like PLA.
Other Applications: Used as a lubricant, addition agent, and stabilizer in transformer oils and urethane foam production.
Hazards: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Synonyms: Stannous octoate, Tin(II) octoate.
CAS Number: 301-10-0
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature.
Purity: Often has a purity of 95% or greater.
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Delivery Time: Ready Stock
Packaging Details: Box
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Potassium Persulphate extrapure AR ACS ExiPlus Multi-Compendial 99%
Potassium persulphate (CAS: 7727-21-1) is a powerful oxidizing agent widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Here are some key details about the extrapure AR, ACS, ExiPlus, Multi-Compendial grade available for purchase.Product Information
Purity: 99%
Molecular Formula: K2S2O8
Molecular Weight: 270.31 g/mol
Physical Properties
Appearance: Crystalline white compound
Solubility: 10% solution in hot water is clear and colorless
Specifications
Assay (Iodometric): Minimum 99.0%
Insoluble Matter: Maximum 0.005%
Chloride (Cl): Maximum 0.001%
Iron (Fe): Maximum 0.0005%
Heavy Metals (Pb): Maximum 0.001%
Ammonium (NH4): Maximum 0.0005%
Acidity (H2SO4): Maximum 0.05%
Manganese (Mn): Maximum 0.0002%
Storage & Safety
Recommended Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place at 2 to 8°C (refrigerated)
Shelf Life: 60 Months
Purchasing Options
Price: Generally around $1.74 per 100 g (approx. $8.69 for 500 g). Note that prices may vary based on the supplier and location 2.
Suppliers: Available for order from multiple suppliers including SRL, which ships worldwide. Availability may vary by region.
2 Sources
For complete details, including batch numbers and certificates of analysis, refer to the specific product pages linked in the references or contact the supplier directly for quotations and further inquiries.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature, commonly found in household and industrial cleaning products. When dissolved in water, it forms a colorless, odorless liquid solution that is strongly alkaline and corrosive. Key Characteristics:
Appearance: Solid form is white and crystalline; liquid form is colorless.
Odor: Odorless in both solid and liquid forms.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution.
Corrosiveness: Both the solid and liquid forms are corrosive to tissues, including skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with acids and can generate heat when dissolved in water, potentially causing a fire if near flammable materials.
Other Names: Caustic soda, lye.
Uses: Commonly used in drain cleaners, oven cleaners, and soapmaking.
In Summary: Sodium hydroxide is a white, odorless, and highly corrosive substance that dissolves in water to form a strongly alkaline solution. It is a common ingredient in cleaning products and
1,6-Hexanediol, a diol (a compound with two hydroxyl groups), is a common chemical compound used in various industries, particularly in the polymer industry. It is a building block for synthesizing polymers like polyesters and polyurethanes. 1,6-Hexanediol is also an intermediate in the production of acrylics and unsaturated polyester resins. More Details:
Chemical Formula: C6H14O2 or HO(CH2)6OH.
Physical Properties: It's a colorless crystalline solid at room temperature. It has a melting point of 42 °C and a boiling point of 250 °C.
Solubility: It is soluble in water and is hygroscopic (attracts moisture).
Uses:
Polymers: It's used as a building block for polyesters and polyurethanes.
Chain Extender: In polyurethanes, it acts as a chain extender, improving the mechanical strength and hydrolysis resistance of the resulting polymers.
Crosslinking Agent: 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate, a derivative of 1,6-hexanediol, is used as a crosslinking agent in acrylics and UV curing.
Other Applications: It's also used in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and textiles.
Fused calcium chloride is an anhydrous salt that's highly absorbent and deliquescent, meaning it can absorb enough moisture to turn into liquid brine:
DescriptionFused calcium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaCl₂. It's a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water.
UsesFused calcium chloride is used as a drying agent in desiccators to dry gases. It's also used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
SafetyFused calcium chloride is irritating to the eyes. Safety precautions include wearing personal protective equipment, ensuring adequate ventilation, and washing off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
AppearanceFused calcium chloride is white to off-white in color and appears as a granular compound with few lumps.
StorageFused calcium chloride should be stored at room temperature (25 to 40°C) and has a shelf life of 60 months.
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a white, crystalline, inorganic chemical compound with a boiling point of 520°C:
Physical propertiesAmmonium chloride is a white, odorless solid with a density of 1.5274 g/mL. It has a melting point of 338°C.
SolubilityAmmonium chloride is highly soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, and glycerol. It is also slightly soluble in acetone, but insoluble in organic solvents like ethyl acetate.
UsesAmmonium chloride is used in many applications, including:
Dyeing and tanning textiles
Formulating cough syrups and tablets
Galvanizing metal sheets
Veterinary medications to prevent urinary stones in animals
Chemical propertiesAmmonium chloride is mildly acidic due to the presence of chloride ion. It decomposes to produce ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
PreparationAmmonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia (NH3) with hydrogen chloride. It is also formed as a by-product of the Solvay Process.
Potassium hydroxide pellets are a white, odorless, solid, inorganic compound with the chemical formula KOH. They are also known as caustic potash. Some of their properties include:
Physical propertiesMelting point of 361 °C, boiling point of 1320 °C, density of 2.04 g/cm3, and a pH value of 13.5
UsesUsed in the production of soap, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries, and in electroplating, lithography, and paint and varnish removers
SafetyPotassium hydroxide pellets are water reactive and can cause severe burns. You should use personal protective equipment, use them under a chemical fume hood, and wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes if you come into contact with them.
Phenolphthalein indicator solution is a colorless solution that turns pink in basic solutions (pH > 8.5) and remains colorless in acidic solutions (pH < 8.5), making it useful for acid-base titrations and other applications. Here's a more detailed description:Chemical Properties:
Formula: C₂₀H₁₄O₄
Appearance: Phenolphthalein itself is a white or yellowish-white to pale orange fine crystalline powder.
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, commonly dissolved in alcohol for use as an indicator.
Acid-Base Behavior: It's a weak acid, meaning it can lose H⁺ ions in solution.
Color Change:
Colorless in acidic solutions (pH < 8.5).
Pink to deep red in basic solutions (pH > 9.0).
pH Range: The color change occurs around pH 8.5.
Uses:
Acid-Base Titrations:A common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations, where the pink color indicates the endpoint of the reaction.
Forensic Science:Used in the Kastle-Meyer test to detect the presence of blood.
Other Applications:Predicting concrete carbonation depth and as a disappearing dye in magic toys.
Historical Use:Previously used as a laxative, but banned by the FDA due to cancer concerns in animal studies.
Safety:
Cancer Concerns: Animal studies indicated that phenolphthalein may cause cancer, leading to its ban in over-the-counter laxatives.
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Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid Magnesium Disodium Salt
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid magnesium disodium salt, also known as magnesium disodium EDTA, is a chelating agent used in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and metal cleaning. It's a white crystalline compound that is soluble in water and acts by binding to metal ions, effectively sequestering them. Key Characteristics and Properties:
Chelating Agent: It forms a stable, water-soluble complex with metal ions, effectively removing them from a solution or surface.
Versatile: Can bind to a wide range of polyvalent cations, including calcium.
Applications: Widely used as a chelating agent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, where it may be used to prevent metal-catalyzed reactions or in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. It's also used in agrochemicals and metal cleaning processes.
Physical Form: Typically appears as a white crystalline powder or crystals.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Molecular Formula: C10H12MgN2Na2O8
CAS Number: 14402-88-1 (for the anhydrous form) and 29932-54-5 (for the tetrahydrate form).
In simpler terms: Imagine a tiny claw (the EDTA molecule) that can grab onto and hold onto metal ions, preventing them from causing problems or unwanted reactions. Magnesium disodium EDTA is that "claw" for many different metals.
Nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate is a blue-green, crystalline, inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiSO₄·6H₂O. It's highly soluble in water and is commonly used as a source of Ni²⁺ ions in electroplating and as a precursor for nickel-based catalysts. It can also be found in various household and industrial applications, including coins, jewelry, and electrical wiring. Physical Properties:
Appearance: Blue-green crystals.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water.
Crystal Structure: Tetragonal.
Phase Transition: The alpha-form (tetragonal) can convert to the beta-form (monoclinic) at 127.9°F.
Efflorescence: Somewhat efflorescent.
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula: NiSO₄·6H₂O.
CAS Number: 10101-97-0.
Molar Mass: 262.85 g/mol.
Uses:
Electroplating.
Catalyst preparation, particularly for palladium-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles.
Nickel precursor for various applications.
Sensitizer.
Component in glucose biosensors.
Used in synthesis of α-aminophosphonates and in trifluoromethylation reactions.
