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• A Borosil Test Tube Without Rim, 12 x 75 mm, is a laboratory glassware item, typically used for holding, mixing, and heating liquids. It is made from borosilicate glass, known for its high thermal and chemical resistance, making it suitable for various laboratory applications. The "12 x 75" refers to its dimensions: 12mm in diameter and 75mm in length. The "without rim" designation means it lacks a rolled lip at the top, which can be advantageous for certain laboratory procedures. Key Features and Specifications:
  • Material: Borosilicate glass (often specified as Borosil 3.3)
  • Dimensions: 12mm diameter, 75mm length (12 x 75 mm)
  • Rim: Without rim (rimless)
  • Capacity: Typically 5ml
  • Shape: Round bottom
  • Other characteristics: High thermal shock resistance, mechanically resistant due to its thick wall
  • Typical Uses: Holding, mixing, and heating chemicals in the lab, potentially for reactions or culturing microorganisms 
  Benefits of Borosilicate Glass:
  • High thermal resistance: Can withstand high temperatures without cracking or breaking 
  • Chemical resistance: Resists corrosion and chemical reactions, ensuring accurate and reliable results 
  • Clarity: Transparent, allowing clear observation of the contents 
  Benefits of Rimless Design:
  • Convenience: Easier to plug and seal, useful for some laboratory procedures
  • Rack storage: Rimless tubes can be more convenient for stacking in racks 

• A silica crucible, specifically the "Infusil" brand, is a laboratory tool used for containing and heating chemical compounds at high temperatures. It's typically made of pure fused silica, offering high heat resistance and low thermal expansion, allowing for rapid heating and cooling without cracking. Infusil silica crucibles are known for their high purity and stability, making them suitable for various chemical and high-temperature applications. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
  • Material: Infusil silica crucibles are made from pure fused silica, which is a type of quartz. 
  • Form: They are often low-form crucibles, meaning they are relatively shallow. 
  • Color: Typically translucent, allowing you to see the contents inside. 
  • Heat Resistance: Infusil crucibles are designed to withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for melting, smelting, and other high-temperature processes. 
  • Thermal Expansion: They have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, meaning they can be heated and cooled quickly without cracking. 
  • Applications: They are commonly used in chemical laboratories, for processes like burning solid matter, evaporation, concentration, and crystallization of solutions. 
  • Features: Key features include high purity, stability, and resistance to thermal shock. 
  • Glazing: Some Infusil silica crucibles are glazed inside and outside, which can improve their resistance to alkalis and hot temperatures. 

•  Material: Made of silica or glazed porcelain for   strength, thermal performance, and chemical resistance
• Capacity: 50 ml
• Temperature: Can withstand temperatures up to 1050°C
• Uses: Can be used for basic laboratory tasks, such as heating chemical compounds, burning solid matter, and concentrating, crystallizing, or evaporating solutions
• Durability: Highly durable and can be reused multiple times after cleaning and sterilization
• Handling: Can be brittle, so it should be handled carefully to avoid breakage or cracking 
•  
• Pre-heating: It is recommended to pre-heat the crucible empty from cold using a maximum of 100Kw or 50% of maximum power, whichever is smaller. Heat the crucible until it attains red heat, which should take between 20 and 40 minutes

• Capacity: 5ml.
• Material: Borosilicate glass (e.g., Kimax, Pyrex).
• Shape: Cylindrical with a round bottom.
• Rim: The defining feature is the absence of a rim, which can be beneficial for certain applications.
• Applications: Used for mixing, heating, and storing small amounts of liquids, especially in chemical and biological experiments.
• Key properties: Good chemical resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength.
• Other features: May be pre-cleaned and suitable for autoclaving

• Material: Made of pure silica, which is heat-resistant and chemically inert 
• Uses: Used for melting, calcination, combustion, evaporation, concentration, and crystallization 
• Durability: Highly durable and can be reused multiple times after cleaning and sterilization 
• Handling: Can be brittle, so it should be handled carefully to avoid breakage or cracking 
• Shape: Available in different shapes, such as cylindrical, conical, or flat-bottomed 
• Size: Available in different sizes, such as 50 ml or 100 ml 

• Gradually heat and cool crucibles to extend their lifespan 
• Pre-heat the crucible empty from cold until it attains red heat

• A Mohr pipette has marked lines that indicate different volumes.
• The volume is calculated by subtracting the liquid level before and after dispensing.
• The last graduation mark is not at the tip of the pipette to avoid measuring the narrow nozzle.

• Mohr pipettes are made of glass or plastic.
• They have a tap on the tip to control the flow of liquid.
• They are used in titrations and clinical analyses.
• They are less accurate than volumetric pipettes.

• Mohr pipettes are used to measure the volume of liquids in labs. 
• They are used to move small amounts of liquids between containers. 
• They are used in titrations and clinical analyses. 

• Karl Friedrich Mohr, the father of volumetric analysis, invented the Mohr pipette.

• Test tubes are longer than they are wide. 
• They can be between 50 mm to 250 mm in length and 13 and 20 mm in width. 
• Test tubes are transparent, which allows users to see what's happening inside. 
• The narrow top opening of a test tube makes it easy to pour and mix liquids. 

• Test tubes are used for chemical reactions, heating solutions, and growing organisms. 
• In medical labs, test tubes are used to collect and preserve body fluids like blood and urine. 
• Test tubes are also known as culture tubes or sample tubes. 

• Test tubes are usually made of glass or plastic. 
• Glass test tubes are often made from borosilicate glass, which is heat resistant. 

• Test tubes are longer than they are wide. 
• They can be between 50 mm to 250 mm in length and 13 and 20 mm in width. 
• Test tubes are transparent, which allows users to see what's happening inside. 
• The narrow top opening of a test tube makes it easy to pour and mix liquids. 

• Test tubes are used for chemical reactions, heating solutions, and growing organisms. 
• In medical labs, test tubes are used to collect and preserve body fluids like blood and urine. 
• Test tubes are also known as culture tubes or sample tubes. 

• Test tubes are usually made of glass or plastic. 
• Glass test tubes are often made from borosilicate glass, which is heat resistant. 

• Material:Made of high-purity fused silica, providing excellent resistance to high temperatures and various chemicals. 
• Capacity:50ml, suitable for handling smaller sample sizes. 
• Shape:Typically a cup or dish shape, designed to hold and contain materials being heated. 
• Heat Resistance:Can withstand very high temperatures, making it ideal for processes like ashing, melting, and calcination. 
• Chemical Inertness:Resistant to many chemicals, ensuring that the crucible does not react with the substances being heated. 
• Applications:Used in various laboratory procedures, including heating chemical compounds, burning solid materials, and evaporating or concentrating solutions. 
• Durability:Silica crucibles are generally durable and can be reused after cleaning and sterilization. 
• Handling:While durable, silica can be brittle, so it's important to handle them carefully to avoid breakage or cracking. 
• Optional Features:Some silica crucibles come with lids to prevent contamination or evaporation during heating. 

For a robust, general-purpose column to use in a wide range of applications, choose Thermo Scientific™ Hypersil™ BDS C18 HPLC Columns. These economical columns feature reduced silanol activity and provide exceptional reliability for QA/QC labs. Built on the renowned Hypersil silica backbone, the base-deactivated silica is one of the most popular packing materials available.

For more challenging separations that require improved chromatographic performance, use Thermo Scientific™ Hypersil GOLD™ columns as an alternative.

• Original Hypersil columns from the manufacturer
• Base deactivated with minimal residual silanol activity
• Exceptional reproducibility
• Economical, general purpose columns

Ordering Information:

Other column dimensions are available. Please call Customer Service for more information.

• FunctionA sloping splash head is used to connect two pieces of glassware with different joint sizes and to dispense liquids in a controlled manner. 
• DesignThe pear-shaped design of the splash head helps prevent splashing and minimize contamination. The sloping design helps the collected liquid flow smoothly and minimizes dripping. 
• MaterialBorosilicate glass is often used for splash heads because it has good chemical and physical properties. 
• UsesSplash heads are useful for handling and transferring liquids from one container to another. They are also used in distillation and other chemical processes.

• Culture tubes are cylindrical in shape and are made of clear plastic or glass 
• They have a screw cap or stopper to create a sealed environment 
• The cap helps maintain sterility and prevents contamination 
• Culture tubes may have graduations or labels to measure the volume of liquid or sample 
• They can be disposable or reusable 

• Culture tubes are used to grow bacteria, fungi, yeast, and other cell types 
• They are used in microbiology, biotechnology, and other life sciences 
• Culture tubes can also be used for sample storage, mixing, and reaction of reagents 

• Culture tubes can be transparent so that researchers can monitor the contents
• They can be shaped for easier retrieval
• They can be resistant to harsh samples

• MaterialDrum sampling pipettes are made from borosilicate glass, which is resistant to water, acids, alkalis, organic solvents, and saline solutions. 
• AccuracyDrum sampling pipettes have precise bore sizes to ensure accuracy. 
• SafetyDrum sampling pipettes are safe to use and can be sterilized and cleaned easily. 
• ApplicationDrum sampling pipettes are used in chemical laboratories to take samples of drum contents. 

• 7041 - Drum Sampling Pipettes - Borosil ScientificBorosil Scientific Pipettes are made of heavy walled 3.3 borosilicate glass tubings, with precise bore sizes for highest accuracy.Borosil Scientific
• Borosil 1000 mm Drum Sampling Pipettemm 7041041 - EnvMartMade of machine-drawn high quality tubing. Sturdy, strong and safe for repeated use. Product Details. Borosil Drum Sampling Pipett...EnvMart
• Drum Sampling Pipettes,Application: Chemical LaboratoryApplication. Chemical Laboratory. Length. 1000 mm. Material. Glass.IndiaMART
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• Purpose:Primarily used in dairy laboratories and milk collection centers to measure and transfer milk samples for testing. 
• Gerber Method:Milk pipettes are crucial for the Gerber method, a chemical test used to determine the fat content in milk and milk products. 
• Graduated/Calibrated:Milk pipettes are calibrated to deliver a specific volume, often 10.75 ml, which is essential for accurate fat content determination using the Gerber method. 
• Types:
  • Bacteriological Pipettes: Used for examining milk for bacterial contamination. 
  • Gerber Milk Pipettes: Specifically designed for the Gerber method, measuring 10.75 ml. 
• Materials:Available in glass or plastic, with glass pipettes being common for the Gerber method. 
• Sterilization:Bacteriological pipettes are often sterile and single-use, ensuring accurate results and preventing contamination. 
• Standards:Milk pipettes are designed to meet specific standards, such as the American Public Health Association (A.P.H.A) standard for the Examination of Dairy Products. 

1. 1. Pipetting:A 10.75 ml sample of milk is carefully pipetted into a butyrometer, a specialized glass tube.
2. 2. Reaction:The milk sample is mixed with specific chemicals and heated in the butyrometer.
3. 3. Fat Separation:The fat in the milk separates from the other components and forms a distinct layer in the butyrometer.
4. 4. Measurement:The percentage of fat in the milk is determined by measuring the volume of the fat layer in the butyrometer. 

• Material:Made from borosilicate glass, a type of glass known for its low thermal expansion coefficient and high resistance to thermal shock and chemical attack. 
• Durability:Their robust construction allows them to withstand high temperatures and rapid temperature changes without cracking or breaking. 
• Chemical Resistance:Resistant to a wide range of chemicals, making them suitable for experiments involving various substances. 
• Heat Resistance:Can be directly heated with a Bunsen burner or other heat sources. 
• Applications:Used in chemical reactions, heating, mixing, and storage of liquids or solids in scientific experiments. 

• Uniform Wall Thickness: Provides consistent heating and reduces the risk of thermal stress. 
• Beaded Rim: A fire-polished rim adds strength and prevents chipping. 
• Optional Rim: Some test tubes come with or without a rim, depending on the specific application. 
• Various Sizes: Available in a range of sizes to accommodate different experiment volumes. 
• Autoclavable: Can be sterilized using an autoclave for experiments requiring sterile conditions. 

• The Mojonnier glass extraction flask is a type of laboratory glassware designed primarily for gravimetric fat-extraction in dairy and food products

• The flask is made of borosilicate glass (type 3.3, low-expansion, chemically resistant glass).Typically, the standard size often has a total capacity around 25 mL (though larger variants like 50 mL exist in some cases) — suitable for routine fat extraction tests. 

  Design & Structure

  Key structural/design features:

  • Extraction chamber: The flask’s lower portion — sometimes called the “settling chamber” — usually has a capacity of ~ 25 mL and a diameter of ~ 35 mm

  • Top opening: The top is designed either with a pouring lip (in non-threaded versions) or a threaded neck (e.g. 24-410 GPI thread) (in threaded versions), depending on the model/manufacturer.Closure: Non-threaded ones are usually sealed with a rubber stopper (#0 stopper size). Threaded ones often come with a

  •   phenolic cap with PTFE-faced white rubber liner for chemical resistance and secure sealing.Glass quality: The borosilicate glass used is of high quality, fulfilling standards such as USP Type I and ASTM E438, Type I, Class A — ensuring low chemical leaching and durability.

  • What it’s used for — Typical Application

     

    • The flask is most commonly used for the determination of fat content in dairy products (milk, cream, cheese, etc.) and other food materials. The method typically follows a gravimetric fat extraction process: sample (milk/food) is treated with solvents (for example, alcohol + ether + petroleum ether), shaken, and after phase separation the fat is extracted into the solvent. Solvent is evaporated, and the dry fat residue is weighed

    • Because the flask has a designated chamber and is compatible with stoppers/caps resistant to organic solvents, it facilitates safe and accurate handling of chemical solvents for extraction.   

      Example of a Commercial Product

      • Mojonnier Borosilicate Glass Fat Extraction Flask 25 mL — A standard 25 mL glass extraction flask used for fat determination in food and dairy samples. ISKO Mojonnier Fat Extraction Flask — Another commercially available version, also used for fat content analysis.

• Clear and Transparent:The transparency of the glass allows for easy observation of microbial growth and other processes within the dish. 
• Sterile Environment:Petri dishes are used to create a sterile environment for microorganisms to grow, typically with a nutrient-rich agar substrate. 
• Loose-fitting Lid:The loose-fitting lid helps prevent contamination while allowing for some air exchange, which is crucial for many microorganisms. 
• Durability and Sterilizability:Glass Petri dishes are durable and can be sterilized repeatedly using methods like autoclaving, making them reusable. 
• Various Sizes:They are available in different sizes, with common diameters ranging from 50mm to 150mm. 
• Applications:Beyond culturing, they can be used for various purposes like evaporation, drying, sample storage, and even measuring culture density with grid markings. 
• History:Named after German bacteriologist Julius Petri, who invented it in the late 19th century to improve upon existing methods of bacterial culture. 

• FunctionA sloping splash head is used to connect two pieces of glassware with different joint sizes and to dispense liquids in a controlled manner. 
• DesignThe pear-shaped design of the splash head helps prevent splashing and minimize contamination. The sloping design helps the collected liquid flow smoothly and minimizes dripping. 
• MaterialBorosilicate glass is often used for splash heads because it has good chemical and physical properties. 
• UsesSplash heads are useful for handling and transferring liquids from one container to another. They are also used in distillation and other chemical processes. 

• Burette:A burette is a long, graduated glass tube used to accurately measure and dispense variable volumes of liquids. 
• Boroflo Stopcock:This refers to the type of stopcock (a valve) used on the burette. It is a screw-type rotaflow stopcock made of borosilicate glass, allowing for precise control of liquid flow during dispensing. 
• Class B:This indicates that the burette meets the Class B accuracy standards as defined by organizations like IS (Indian Standard) or ISO (International Organization for Standardization). These standards specify the permissible error limits for the burette's graduations. 
• Material:Burettes with Boroflo stopcocks are typically made of borosilicate glass, known for its resistance to chemical corrosion and thermal shock. 
• Typical Applications:These burettes are commonly used in titrations, where a solution of known concentration (the titrant) is added to another solution until a chemical reaction is complete. They are also used in various other laboratory procedures requiring precise liquid dispensing. 

• Capacity: 500ml (milliliters)
• Form: Low-form (wide diameter, shorter height)
• Material: Borosilicate glass (heat-resistant and durable)
• Spout: Integrated for easy pouring
• Graduations: May have printed graduations for measuring liquid volume
• Other Features: May be autoclavable, resistant to chemical attack, and designed for uniform heating 

• Holding liquids: Provides a stable container for various solutions
• Mixing solutions: The wide mouth allows for easy stirring
• Heating liquids: The uniform wall thickness allows for even heating
• Transferring liquids: The spout allows for controlled pouring and minimizing spills 

• Beakers are not designed for precise volume measurements like volumetric flasks. 
• While generally autoclavable, specific models may have limitations, so check the manufacturer's instructions. 
• Beakers with spouts generally cannot be sealed with a lid during use. 

• Test tubes are longer than they are wide. 
• They can be between 50 mm to 250 mm in length and 13 and 20 mm in width. 
• Test tubes are transparent, which allows users to see what's happening inside. 
• The narrow top opening of a test tube makes it easy to pour and mix liquids. 

• Test tubes are used for chemical reactions, heating solutions, and growing organisms. 
• In medical labs, test tubes are used to collect and preserve body fluids like blood and urine. 
• Test tubes are also known as culture tubes or sample tubes. 

• Test tubes are usually made of glass or plastic. 
• Glass test tubes are often made from borosilicate glass, which is heat resistant. 

• Borosilicate Glass:Offers excellent chemical resistance, low thermal expansion, and resistance to thermal shock.
• Polypropylene (PP):Commonly used for screw caps, known for its chemical resistance and high-temperature tolerance. 

• Screw Cap: Provides a secure, leak-proof seal. 
• Graduations: Many bottles have printed graduations for volume measurement. 
• Marking Area: A designated area for labeling or coding the bottle. 
• Pouring Ring: Some bottles include a pouring ring for drip-free pouring. 
• Autoclavable: Many bottles and caps are designed to be sterilized by autoclaving. 

• Storage of reagents, culture media, and biological fluids.
• Dispensing liquids in laboratories.
• Protecting light-sensitive chemicals (amber bottles).
• General laboratory use for various solutions and chemicals. 

• Size and Shape: Reagent bottles come in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different needs. 
• Color: Clear and amber (for light-sensitive materials) are common. 
• Compatibility: Ensure the bottle material is compatible with the chemicals being stored. 

• Shape:The flask has a conical body that tapers to a narrow cylindrical neck. This shape allows for easy swirling and mixing of liquids, while the narrow neck helps to minimize spills and evaporation. 
• Material:Erlenmeyer flasks are commonly made of borosilicate glass, known for its resistance to heat and chemicals. 
• Rim:The beaded rim is a rolled edge at the top of the neck, providing a smoother surface for pouring and helping to prevent chipping. 
• Graduations:Many Erlenmeyer flasks have graduated markings on the side, allowing for approximate measurements of liquid volume. 
• Uses:These flasks are used for a variety of laboratory procedures, including mixing solutions, heating liquids, titrations, and storing samples. 

• Material: Made of soda-lime glass. 
• Shape: Flat, curved surface with no bumps or unevenness. 
• Clarity: High clarity and free of bubbles. 
• Uniform Radius: All watch glasses are molded to the same radius of curvature for easy stacking. 
• Versatility: Used for holding and weighing substances, evaporating solutions, and as a lid for beakers. 

• Evaporation: Used as a surface for evaporating liquids. 
• Weighing: Can be used to hold solids while they are being weighed. 
• Lids: Used as a cover for beakers or other glassware. 
• Heating: Can be used to heat small amounts of substances. 

• Borosil S-Line watch glasses are available in various sizes, such as 80ml, 100ml, 120ml, and 150ml. 
• They are often sold in packs of 50 or 20, according to the seller. 
• The catalogue number for Borosil watch glasses can vary depending on the size and model. 

• Narrow Mouth: Facilitates precise dispensing and minimizes spillage. 
• I/C Glass Stopper: Provides a secure, airtight seal for chemical storage. 
• Amber Color: Protects light-sensitive reagents from degradation by UV and visible light. 
• Borosilicate Glass: Offers excellent chemical resistance, thermal shock resistance, and durability. 
• Graduations: Some bottles feature printed graduations for accurate volume measurement. 
• Enameled Area: An area is often provided for labeling or marking the bottle's contents. 
• Autoclavable/Sterilizable: Suitable for steam sterilization and other sterilization methods. 
• Compliant: Often made to meet standards like ISO 4796 and IS 1388. 

• Storage of light-sensitive reagents:The amber color protects chemicals that degrade when exposed to light. 
• Long-term storage of chemicals:The robust construction and airtight seal ensure the integrity of stored substances. 
• Precise dispensing:The narrow mouth and secure stopper allow for accurate and controlled dispensing of liquids. 
• General laboratory use:These bottles are versatile and suitable for various applications in chemistry, biology, and other scientific fields. 

• Test tubes are longer than they are wide. 
• They can be between 50 mm to 250 mm in length and 13 and 20 mm in width. 
• Test tubes are transparent, which allows users to see what's happening inside. 
• The narrow top opening of a test tube makes it easy to pour and mix liquids. 

• Test tubes are used for chemical reactions, heating solutions, and growing organisms. 
• In medical labs, test tubes are used to collect and preserve body fluids like blood and urine. 
• Test tubes are also known as culture tubes or sample tubes. 

• Test tubes are usually made of glass or plastic. 
• Glass test tubes are often made from borosilicate glass, which is heat resistant. 

• Class A:This designation indicates that the cylinder adheres to a specific set of accuracy standards, with tighter tolerances than Class B cylinders, making it suitable for more precise measurements. 
• Hexagonal Base:The six-sided base provides a stable platform, preventing the cylinder from easily rolling off the lab bench. 
• Pour Out:The spout allows for controlled and efficient pouring of liquids, minimizing spills and waste. 
• Individual Calibration Certificate:Each cylinder is individually calibrated and comes with a certificate that proves its accuracy and traceability to national standards. This certificate ensures the reliability of measurements made with the cylinder. 
• Borosilicate Glass:This type of glass is known for its chemical resistance and thermal shock resistance, making it ideal for laboratory use with various chemicals. 
• Graduations:The cylinder has markings (graduations) to indicate specific volume measurements, typically with an amber enamel finish for easy visibility. 

• Low Form Design:The beaker has a relatively low height compared to its diameter, making it stable and suitable for heating and stirring. 
• Spout:The spout, or beak, allows for controlled pouring of liquids, reducing the risk of spills and splashes. 
• Borosilicate Glass:This type of glass is known for its excellent thermal and chemical resistance, making it ideal for laboratory applications. 
• Uniform Wall Thickness:The uniform wall thickness ensures even heating and reduces the risk of breakage during thermal stress. 
• Graduations:The beaker typically has graduation markings for measuring approximate volumes. 
• Compliance with Standards:Borosil low-form beakers often comply with IS 2619, ISO 3819, and DIN 12331 standards. 
• Versatility:They are used for various laboratory procedures, including preparing solutions, mixing reagents, and performing reactions. 

• Narrow Mouth: Facilitates controlled pouring and dispensing of liquids, reducing the risk of spills. 
• I/C Glass Stopper: The interchangeable glass stopper creates an airtight seal, preventing contamination and evaporation of the reagent. 
• Borosilicate Glass: A durable and chemically resistant glass that can withstand high temperatures and thermal shocks, making it suitable for various laboratory applications. 
• Amber Color: If amber-colored, the bottle protects light-sensitive reagents from degradation caused by UV and visible light. 
• Graduations: Some bottles may include printed graduations for accurate volume measurement. 
• Enameled Area: An area is often provided for labeling the bottle's contents. 
• Autoclavable: Suitable for steam sterilization and other sterilization methods. 

• Storing and dispensing liquid and powdered chemicals:Used in laboratories, research facilities, and other settings where precise chemical handling is required. 
• Protecting light-sensitive reagents:Amber bottles are crucial for storing substances that degrade when exposed to light. 
• Containing culture media and other laboratory reagents:Used in healthcare diagnostics and various scientific research applications. 

• Narrow Opening: Facilitates controlled dispensing and minimizes spills. 
• Screw Cap: Ensures a tight, leak-proof seal for secure storage and preventing contamination. 
• Material: Typically made of borosilicate glass or plastic for chemical resistance and durability. 
• Capacity: 150ml, a standard size for laboratory applications. 
• Graduations: Some bottles may have graduations for precise volume measurement. 
• Pouring Ring: Some bottles include a plastic pouring ring for drip-free dispensing. 
• Sterilization: Many bottles, including those with polypropylene caps, are autoclavable and can be sterilized. 
• Retrace Code: Some bottles may feature a printed retrace code for tracking and identification. 

• Storing and dispensing various laboratory liquids, including reagents, solvents, and other chemicals.
• Holding samples for analysis and experiments.
• Transporting liquids between locations.
• Providing a secure container for chemicals in the laboratory. 

• Shape: Pear-shaped with a flat bottom and narrow neck 
• Material: Usually made of glass, but can also be made of plastic 
• Size: Available in many sizes, from a fraction of a milliliter to hundreds of liters 
• Calibration: Calibrated to contain a precise volume at a specific temperature, usually 20°C 
• Markings: A ring graduation mark etched on the neck of the flask indicates the volume of liquid when filled up to that point 
• Stopper: Fitted with a plastic snap/screw cap or a joint to accommodate a glass or PTFE stopper 

• Class A: Used for analytical chemistry work
• Class B: Suitable for most educational and qualitative work

• Amber Glass:The amber color of the glass protects light-sensitive materials from degradation caused by UV radiation, which can alter the chemical composition or effectiveness of the stored substance. 
• Narrow Mouth:The narrow opening allows for precise dispensing of liquids and minimizes the risk of spills and evaporation, according to Westlab Australia. 
• Interchangeable Glass Stopper:The ground glass stopper provides a tight seal, preventing contamination and evaporation of the stored chemicals. 
• Borosilicate Glass:The bottle is typically made of borosilicate glass, which offers excellent chemical resistance, thermal shock resistance, and mechanical strength. 
• Graduations and Labeling Area:Many reagent bottles have printed graduations and a labeling area for easy identification and volume measurement of the contents. 

• Storage of laboratory reagents, chemicals, and solutions.
• Dispensing of reagents in experiments and procedures.
• Long-term storage of light-sensitive materials.